User:Cibasan/sandbox

Area-Derived
South of Market District, San Francisco
 * Gentrification of residence
 * History of immigration from 1965-present

Sector-Derived

 * Filipino Diabetes research
 * Treating diabetes in low-income communities in Global North

South of Market, San Francisco
SoMa Pilipinas

In April 2016, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SoMa Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District. The relationship between SoMa Pilipinas and the Philippines is established in the resolution: "Whereas, Filipino immigration patterns to San Francisco are rooted in the conquest and subsequent colonization of the Philippines by the United States in 1898, the American colonial regime in the Philippines from 1899-1946, and ongoing, often unequal and imperialist US-Philippines relations from 1946 to present." The street's names are named after its people's historical narrative. The streets Rizal, Lapu-Lapu, and Mabini are located between Folsom and Harrison Streets.


 * SoMa Pilipinas History

The points in the article are relevant to the topic. The article is neutral.
 * Manong generation played a prominent role in the community
 * City's Board of Supervisors passed legislation
 * Cultural events
 * gentrification
 * Waves of immigration

It focused a lot on the location and boundaries. The narratives about Filipino impact on the community is underrepresented.

History Cultural Centers Events Public Health Citations
 * Include history of the present
 * It talked a lot about building construction but not the uses of the buildings
 * It has a lot of centers that are linked to their respective pages. It would be better if it included at least one sentence about the main point of the center.
 * Include Galing Bata Bilingual Program
 * Bayanihan Community Center
 * SF Filipino Night Market - celebrates the rich cultural heritage of the SOMA Pilipinas
 * Along with SoMa Health Center, there is the Mabuhay Health Center that serves the underrepresented people who have no health care.

The link works. The source support the claims in the articles. The sources are credible and neutral. The information comes from other wikipedia pages, historic context statement. Some links are broken like the links that lead to new york times webside and yerba buena website.

Talk Page Explain why and how I see a focus on Filipino as opposed to other ethnic groups. If I had the time, I would consider editing this article to add in information about many different ethnic groups because I do not want to erase or underrepresent their narratives.
 * It included important things to add, which include
 * Why doesn't the demographics section have any info on demographics info?
 * Including a map

Sector-Derived

Filipino-American health
Including diabetes
 * Patterns of health risk
 * Risk for common chronic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes, of Pilipinx-Americans is linked to high dietary intake of fat and cholesterol due to acculturation.

Hypertension
 * Acculturation and Health
 * Current Health Trends
 * Studies done on Filipino-American health and findings

There are behavior-related risk factors related with hypertension. These factors include reduced physical activity levels and excess dietary sodium intake from foods.

Everything in the article is relevant to the topic. The article is neutral. The sources are credible. Links come from several sources, including stats from the World Health Organization and API American Health Forum.

The information on religion is excellent. It would be good to also include Filipinos inherited trait of hiya, which means shame, and how that plays a barrier to a person asking for help.

Talk

The article is edited by the WikiProject Tambayan Philippines

Citations

Linking how health is affected by dietary acculturation.

Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Immigrants

Sources and Citations.

Scholarly sources and summaries
Describe what you can take from it for your understanding of your PE org area/sector, and for your plans to edit the two articles.

Filipino Immigrants in the United States
The article reports characteristics of Filipino immigrants residing in the United States, specifically in San Francisco, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. As new immigrants adopt the cultural patterns of the host group, they also begin to adopt its local eating patterns and food choices.

Of the Filipino born residing in the United States, 79% were of working age (16-64). Among Filipino immigrants, 17 % were older than 64. This is important to understand so that we can cater our focus and services to the working age.

Knowing that 31% are Limited English Proficient encourages us to partner with Bessie Carmichael and Filipino Education Center schools and know that people have a hard time understanding health care policies.

Knowing that 6% lived in households with an annual income below the official federal poverty line encourages volunteers to work on the institutional level to uplift the community out of poverty. These statistics shows a greater need for MHC to continue its work of providing health services and referrals to residents.

Board of Supervisors Establishes SoMa as a Filipino Cultural Heritage District
This article includes interviews from residents. It includes excerpts from Ligaya Avenida, the president of Filipino-American Development Foundation Board. It is important to understand the resident's concerns about saving spaces for artists of color and having the ability to tell cultural stories through building.

Resolution establishing the SoMa Pilipinas - Filipino Cultural Heritage District in the 4 City and County of San Francisco.
The resolution states reasons for the district to be established as SoMa Pilipinas. It reclaims the Filipino narrative in the district by including Filipino immigration patterns, stating the impact of Filipinos in the city, and including the historical and cultural significance of the Filipino landmarks located in the city. The resolution's recognition of Filipino immigration patterns to SF, which is uprooted in the colonization of the Philippines, and experience of racial segregation and violent anti-Filipino sentiment gives more reason to why there should be more support of its residents, community-based organizations, and other cultural markers from threat of displacement.

Its statement that the Planning Department shall work with the SoMa Pilipinas Working Group to develop a strategic and implementation plan to set policies that promote community development open doors for Mabuhay Health Center to work on the city level.

South of Market Health Center
The Health Center ensures health care access to comprehensive care by providing mental and physical health problem services the close the gap on health disparities.

This information is helpful in adding more to the public health section of the wikipedia page. It links to list of agencies with programs including finances, health care, food assistance or job training.

211 United Way Bay Area
It is a service that connects callers with services and programs: including basic needs, physical and mental health, employment assistance, and seniors support.

The health care section compiles medical care, health insurance & medical expense assistance, specialty screenings, and sexual and reproductive health services. The website will be helpful in adding more information to the public health section.

South of Market Neighborhood Profile Demographics, Land Use, and Economics San Francisco 2004
The content gives me a better understanding of the demographics and the Asian/ Pacific Islander population breakdown. What percentage of the residents had the most impact in the community.

In a 2004 Census, The Race Population Change 1980 to 2000 graph illustrates that the largest percentage of residents in SoMa are white, but the percentage remained the same. Latino and Asian/ Pacific Islander populations have also been at the same pace. The Latino and Asian/ Pacific Islander Populations breakdown is Mexican (1,048 residents), Chinese (1,798 residents), Vietnamese (106 residents), Japanese (120 residents), Filipino (2,713 residents), and Indian (276 residents).

Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Immigrants
The article explores the change in cultural aspect due to the exposure to another cultural system and the result of the integration of new food consumption practices.

It is important to understand environmental and lifestyle changes accompanied to immigration. One cultural aspect is the adoption of new food consumption practices, which can have a negative effect in the health status. Adoption of mainstream food patterns is increased to risk for dietary-related chronic health conditions. The study illustrated that acculturation is a major health risk because of its association with greater risk for being overweight and obese and increased risk for chronic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

The Public Health component within Mabuhay Health Center must understand the pattern and association and provide health options/ referrals to residents. To address this issue PH committee is holding community resource days where community resources can come to talk to patients about certain services and holding a farmer's market day where MHC collaborates with CBO's to provide a food pantry.

Time Since Immigration and Excess Body Weight
The article illustrates how time since immigration plays a significant factor in predicting excess weight among Asians. I'll be referring to the analysis that showed immigrants who had been in places longer are likely to be overweight than people born in the country and the different cases for men and women.

Time since immigration is an important correlate of overweight and obesity. The effect may be due to increasing overall caloric intake. Understanding this helps us create exercise programs and nutrition plans. Youth Programs can also teach curriculums about MyPlate and nutrition in Galing Bata after-school program.

The Role of Acculturation in Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes among Latinos
The review examines the influence of acculturation on type 2 diabetes and risk factors including dietary intake, physical activity patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption, and obesity. I'll be pulling from how acculturation influence risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Acculturation is a factor that modifies original drinking patterns in minorities, with a ten- dency toward convergence with overall drinking patterns found in mainstream U.S. culture. Low acculturation is related to healthier diets as well as lower rates of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.

Understanding how family structure and social support systems influence acculturation on nutrition and health outcomes gives us a better understanding in creating nutrition plans.

Pérez-Escamilla R, Putnik P. The role of acculturation in nutrition, lifestyle, and incidence of type 2 diabetes among Latinos. J Nutr 2007;137:860–70.

Self-Care behaviors of Filipino-American adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
This article examines the diabetes self-care behaviors of Filipino-American adults with type 2 diabetes. People who immigrated and lived in the US longer follow more healthful eating plans than people who recently immigrated. It includes women's eating habits and exercise plans.

This article will help me understand why younger Filipino-Americans are less likely to perform healthy type 2 self-care behaviors pertaining to diet, medication taking, and blood glucose testing than older Filipino-Americans.

==== Addressing the Health Needs of High-Risk Filipino Americans in the Greater Philadelphia Region ==== Bhimla, A., Yap, L., Lee, M. et al. J Community Health (2017) 42: 269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0252-0

As Filipino Americans are a highly acculturated ethnic group, they may exhibit bicultural eating patterns that reflect both a preference for food that is typically American and traditionally Filipino.

I'll be drawing the Western dietary acculturation eating pattern and how it results into increase risk for hypertension.

Level of acculturation, food intake, dietary changes, and health status of first-generation Filipino Americans in Southern California.
High degree of dietary acculturation is associated with poorer dietary habits

Dela Cruz, F. A., Lao, B. T., & Heinlein, C. (2013). Level of acculturation, food intake, dietary changes, and health status of first-generation Filipino Americans in Southern California. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 25(11), 619–630.

==== Dietary acculturation and predictors of anthropometric indicators among Filipino Americans. ==== The Western dietary acculturation scale, which measures Western eating patterns that include a high intake of fat and sugar, was a significant predictor of the increase in anthropometric factors such as body mass index (BMI) and weight in Filipino Americans.

==== The illness beliefs, perceptions, and practices of Filipino Americans with hypertension ==== High salt intake is a feature of both the Filipino and Western diet; Filipino Americans are typically aware that their traditional cultural foods have high levels of sodium and fat, which is associated with an increased risk for hypertension.

The article gives me a better understanding in the differences between the Filipino and Western diet in terms of levels of sodium and fat.

Dela Cruz, F. A., & Galang, C. B. (2008). The illness beliefs, perceptions, and practices of Filipino Americans with hypertension. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20(3), 118–127.

==== How Filipino Are You: Strengthening the Construct Validity of the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans ==== It defines enculturation and acculturation. Colonial mentality is a form in internalized oppression among Filipino-Americans attributed to colonialism, which can be manifested as cultural shame or self-hate. It finds the relationships between enculturation with colonial mentality and attitude towards seeking mental health help.

It helps me understand that ethnic mental health models and interventions need to incorporate and address the constructs of enculturation, acculturation, and colonial mentality in order to be effective. Acculturation goes beyond diet, which was my main focus. Enculturation and acculturation impacts family relationships, eating attitudes, body image, psychological well-being, and help-seeking attitudes.

==== Colonial Mentality and Mental Health Help-Seeking Attitudes among Filipino Americans ==== Barriers to Filipino American help-seeking
 * Filipino Colonial Mentality - "form of internalized oppression specific to Filipino and Filipino Americans where there is a uncritical rejection of anything Filipino and an uncritical preference for anything American."
 * In a study of Asian American, Tran (2011) found that internalized oppression negatively impacted psychological well-being.
 * David (2008) found that colonial mentality was a significant factor in depression among Filipino Americans.
 * It may increase negative self-perception, psychological stress, familial and marital problems, and it may encourage ethnic inferiority
 * Culturally relevant services, such as providing Tagalog-speaking mental health providers result in increased utilization and care among Filipino Americans
 * Important to view health systems as a social and as a cultural system
 * Racial discrimination is another common barrier to mental health seeking
 * As a minority group, Asian Americans in particular face frequent discrimination and often experience unjust treatment due to their minority and immigrant status
 * Religion is another major influence to perception of mental health and illness among Filipino Americans.
 * Sanchez and Gaw (2007) noted that both prayer and tiyaga (patience and endurance) are commonly employed by Filipino Americans when dealing with their mental health issues.
 * Other coping strategies used by Filipino Americans included lakas ng loob (inner strength and hardiness), and creation of a "psuedofamily" to increase social support (Sanchez & Gaw, 2007)

Summarizing and Synthesizing
The Area-Derived sources reports demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Filipino immigration patterns and the historical and cultural impact on the community.

The Sector-Derived sources explores the change in cultural aspect due to the exposure to another cultural system and the result of the integration of new food consumption practices.

These sources help our understanding in how we should cater our services to the population.

Demographics
In a 2004 Census, The Race Population Change 1980 to 2000 graph illustrates that the largest percentage of residents in SoMa are white, but the percentage remained the same. Latino and Asian/ Pacific Islander populations have also been at the same pace. The Latino and Asian/ Pacific Islander Populations breakdown is Mexican (1,048 residents), Chinese (1,798 residents), Vietnamese (106 residents), Japanese (120 residents), Filipino (2,713 residents), and Indian (276 residents).

SoMa Pilipinas
In April 2016, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SoMa Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District. The relationship between SoMa Pilipinas and the Philippines is established in the resolution: "Whereas, Filipino immigration patterns to San Francisco are rooted in the conquest and subsequent colonization of the Philippines by the United States in 1898, the American colonial regime in the Philippines from 1899-1946, and ongoing, often unequal and imperialist US-Philippines relations from 1946 to present." The City of San Francisco certified Tagalog as its third official language in 2014, and a 2010 Census illustrated the Filipino population to reach 36,347 Filipino in the city which 5,106 live in South of Market District. The street's names are named after its people's historical narrative. The streets Rizal, Lapu-Lapu, and Mabini are located between Folsom and Harrison Streets.

Public Health
The South of Market Health Center ensures health care access to comprehensive care by providing mental and physical health problem services to close the gap on health disparities. It provides agencies with programs including finances, health care, food assistance or job training.

211 United Way Bay Area is a service that connects callers with services and programs: including basic needs, physical and mental health, employment assistance, and seniors support.

Events
There are several Filipino Cultural Events such as Filipino American History Month Celebration at the Asian art Museum in October and Pistahan Parade and Festival in August.

Undiscovered SF, held monthly, promotes economic activity and awareness of SoMa Pilipinas. It supports retail concepts, restaurants, and businesses by giving skill-set building workshops and professional services like accounting and crowdfunding to prepare businesses for growth and sustainability

Filipino-American Health
The prevalence of cancer is higher among Filipino Americans in comparison to other ethnic groups of the United States, which is reflective in their associated low cancer screening rates. Westernized diets and behaviors are considerably influential on the high cancer risk of the Filipino American community. Other factors such as acculturation, lack of targeted educational programs, and socio-economic status influence the morbidity and mortality rates of Filipino Americans.

Hypertension
There are behavior-related risk factors related with hypertension. These factors include reduced physical activity levels, excess dietary sodium intake from foods, high amount of alcohol intake, and low intake of fruits and vegetables.

Dietary Acculturation
Dietary acculturation is the change in eating patterns due to adopting new diets that occurs when members of the minority group adopt eating patterns of mainstream society. High degree of dietary acculturation is associated with poorer dietary habits. Immigration to the US is associated with increased consumption of fats, sweets, dairy products but decreased consumption of meats and vegetables.

As Filipino Americans practices acculturation especially within the their diets, they practice bicultural patterns that reflect both a preference for food that is American and traditionally Filipino. The Western dietary acculturation scale, which measures Western eating patterns that include a high intake of fat and sugar, was a significant predictor of the increase in body mass index (BMI) and weight in Filipino Americans. High salt intake is a feature of both the Filipino and Western diet; Filipino Americans are typically aware that their traditional cultural foods have high levels of sodium and fat, which is associated with an increased risk for hypertension.

Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors
Filipino Americans are least likely to seek support from professional mental health providers. These variables include fear of shame as well as effects of oppression, indicated by racial discrimination and cultural mistrust. Filipino Americans turn to get support through more indigenous coping strategies, such as religion, spirituality, or family as sources for help.

Colonial Mentality
Colonial mentality, a form of internalized oppression that considers anything American to be favorable to anything Filipino, plays an important role in the psychological well-being of Filipino Americans. Overt colonial mentality plays a negative role in Filipino Americans' psychological health by discriminating against less Americanized Filipino Americans while putting down Filipino features, characteristics, and values. Overt colonial mentality appears to contribute negatively to psychological health by discriminating against less Americanized Filipino Americans while putting down Filipino features, characteristics, and values. Covert colonial mentality appears to contribute to negatively to the "Americanized" Filipino American by inducing feelings of shame and inferiority over their own Filipino identity.

Colonial mentality and mental health help-seeking attitudes have established links with acculturation and enculturation. Colonial mentality increases willingness to acculturation or the extent to which a Filipino becomes more Americanized. Enculturation is a negative correlate to colonial mentality in that colonial mentality decreases as Filipino Americans become more enculturated. The more acculturated the individual is, the more likely the individual have a positive attitude toward seeking help while more enculturated individuals tend to have more negative attitudes toward help-seeking.

Acculturation is related to several types of psychological distress: lower academic achievement, depression, body dissatisfaction, eating disturbances, less social support, and weaker familial relationships. Enculturation has been shown to be a protective factor against depression.

South of Market, San Francisco

 * Added Demographics Section with 2 sentences
 * Added SoMa Pilipinas Section with 5 sentences
 * Added to Public Health Section with 3 sentences
 * Added to Events Section with 2 sentences
 * Added 7 Citations

Filipino-American Health

 * Added to Hypertension Section with 2 sentences
 * Added Dietary Acculturation Section with 6 sentences
 * Added to Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors with 2 sentences
 * Added Colonial Mentality Section with 10 sentences
 * Added 7 Citations