User:Cindy2329/Lipidology

Lipidology is the scientific study of lipids. Clinical studies on lipid metabolism in the body have led to developments in therapeutic lipidology for disorders such as cardiovascular disease.

History
Compared to other biomedical fields, lipidology was originally less popular since the constant handling of oils, smears, and greases was unappealing and separation was difficult. It was not until 2002 that the term "lipidomic" first appeared in a published paper.

The field became more popular following the advent of chromatography which allowed lipids to be isolated and analyzed. The field was further popularized following the cytologic application of the electron microscope which found that many metabolic pathways take place on the cell membrane, whose properties are strongly influenced by its lipid composition.

Clinical lipidology
The Framingham Heart Study and other epidemiological studies have found a correlation between lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease.

A class of lipids known as phospholipids help make up what is known as lipoproteins, and a type of lipoprotein is called high density lipoprotein (HDL). A high concentration of high density lipoproteins-cholesterols (HDL-C) have what is known as a vasoprotective effect on the body, a finding that correlates with an enhanced cardiovascular effect. There is also a correlation between those with diseases such as chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, or diabetes mellitus and the possibility of low vasoprotective effect from HDL.

Therapeutic lipidology
Statins are a class of drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease by lowering lipid levels. Statins have shown to reduce new cardiovascular events by 30-40%. However, complications may still arise even after taking the drug and some patients are statin-intolerant. Lipoprotein apheresis therapy is another nonsurgical treatment for reducing LDL-C concentrations.

PCSK9 inhibitors are a new drug that can replace statins and lipoprotein apheresis therapy. For patients who are statin-intolerant, PCSK9 inhibitors can provide a therapeutic alternative.

Lipidomics
Lipidomics is the complete profile of all lipids in a biological system. Methods of lipidomic analysis include mass spectrometry and chromatography. Monitoring lipid concentration can reveal much about an organism's health.