User:Cjkrome/sandbox

Article Evaluation:

Article Title: Woody Harrelson

"He once traveled to the west coast in the U.S. on a bike and a domino caravan with a hemp oil-fueled biodiesel bus with The Spitfire Agency (the subject of the independent documentary, Go Further) and narrated the documentary Grass. He briefly owned an oxygen bar in West Hollywood called "O2".[citation needed]"

The citation I found and added for this was from an LA Times article: http://articles.latimes.com/1997-05-17/news/mn-59768_1_oxygen-bar

I first read through the whole article to ensure nothing was out of place. It seemed here that all the information related back to the topic, actor Woody Harrelson. The article included very little bias, in my opinion. Much of what was stated in the article was backed up with citations. I didn't see opinionated comments. I felt a lot of the article was relevant and the information was spread over many aspects of his life in a useful way. There wasn't too much about his childhood, but there was enough about his film career. If anything, there may have been a bit too much about his past arrests and other legal problems. While relevant and accurate, there was a lot of detail there that wasn't in some other sections.

I didn't click on every link in this article, but I did click on about 25 of them. All the links I clicked on were functioning. The page in its entirety seems to be slightly out of date in terms of actual information about him. His filmography list is up to date, but I didn't see anything about his life in the past year or so. There weren't any conversations happening on this page when I reviewed it. I did not find that it was currently being used in any WikiProjects. Seeing as we haven't discussed Woody Harrelson in class, it's hard to compare. What I did enjoy with this assignment was being able to look at a non-scientific subject with a scientific eye. It was interesting to go through and read the webpage with a critical intent, rather than one stemming from boredom.

Wikipedia Project Draft 1 - 6/12/2018

Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (Dummy Foal Syndrome)
Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS) is a syndrome where newborn foals exhibit uncommon behaviors, occurring in three to five percent of live births. These behaviors can include aimless wandering, hypersensitivity to loud sounds and brightness, weakness or coordination issues, and the incapability to nurse. Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome is often referred to as Dummy Foal Syndrome by the equine community due to the aimlessness of the foals, nicknaming them “wanderers” or “dummy foals”.

Symptoms
Often symptoms of NMS do not always exhibit themselves immediately after birth, as foals will at first appear normal. Often it takes a number of hours for the foal’s odd behavior to become noticable. These behaviors can include:


 * Head-pressing
 * Inability to find udder or nurse
 * Inability to right itself upon standing or walking
 * Muscle weakness
 * Limited flight reaction
 * Sensitivity to light and sound
 * Limited reaction to light and sound
 * Sensitivity to touch
 * Limited reaction to touch
 * Licking, chewing or biting stall walls or feeders
 * Wandering

In severe cases, a foal can start to experience seizures. These seizures range from short, mild lapses to longer, full body seizures.

Possible Causes
Oxygenation

While it is unknown exactly what causes NMS, many vets and horse owners believe it is due to a lack of oxygen available to the foal during the very important perinatal period, which means shortly before, during or after the birth (also known as foaling). This could stem from under oxygenated blood flow, decreased blood flow or damaged blood cells. The lack of oxygen could also come from early placenta detachment, where the placenta detaches from the uterus for a longer period of time than normal births. Many things could cause this detachment, although twin births, uterine or urinary infections, low blood pressure and other diseases increase the risk.

Neurosteroids

Another possible cause, as theorised and researched by the University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, could be neurosteroids that are essential and active while the foal is in utero. Foals receive stimulation of certain neurosteroids that keep them “quiet” during gestation. This is important for the health and safety of both mare and foal. If a foal were to move around similarly to humans during gestation, injuries and possible miscarriage could occur. These neurosteroids ensure that the foal remains relatively still in the womb. However, after the birth it is important that these neurosteroids stop. Horses are prey animals, with a strong flight response. If these neurosteroids continue to suppress the movement and reactions of a foal, it would be at a greater risk in the wild. Foals should be up and ready to run around shortly after birth, typically within a few hours. It is thought that the “switch” that changes these neurosteroids occurs during birth. While the foal is moving through the birth canal, the pressure exerted on the foal’s body acts as that switch. Most live births take between 20-40 minutes. It is during this time that the sedative neurosteroids stop production, signally the foal to “wake up”. This theory is supported by the discovery of sedative neurosteroids in the bloodstream of foals, shortly after birth,  that develop NMS.The neurosteroids are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. This allows them to affect the central nervous system of the foal.

Treatments
Early diagnosis and intervention is extremely important. While the foal may not be cured, early treatment can vastly increase capabilities and quality of life.

Intravenous Treatment

One way to treat a dummy foal is through a mixture of neuroprotective agents, known colloquially as a “dummy jug”. This can allow for treatment of the possible neurosteroids still in the bloodstream, as well as adding additional vitamins through IV fluids. Additional help can come in the form of nasogastric tube feeding or bottle feeding, if the foal is able to bottle feed. While these may not entirely help solve the problem, they won’t negatively affect the foal in any way.

Madigan Foal Squeeze Procedure

A common treatment for NMS has long been used by farmers, equine vets and breeders. This treatment uses series of ropes and knots wrapped around the foal, then pressure is applied for a set amount of time. While this method has long been used, it wasn’t until 2015 that it was named. The name Madigan Foal Squeeze Procedure comes from one of the central researchers at UC Davis, a veterinary professor and expert on neonatal equine health named John Madigan. These ropes are applied around the midsection of the foal, and pressure is applied by pulling the ropes with a medium amount of pressure for about 20 minutes. This mimics the pressure felt during active birth. This is thought to help the neurosteroids signal the “off switch”.

Overall Goals

The main goals with any treatment for foals with NMS is to ensure proper nourishment in the early hours of life. Foals should begin nursing from the mare within the first couple hours after birth. If they are not, a veterinary physician should be contacted immediately. This can be counteracted by using a nasogastric feeding tube or bottle feeding, as stated above. The next goal is to help the damaged nerve cells in any way possible. This includes protection for healthy cells and stopping to damage to any more cells. This can be done using some approved drugs aimed at preventing or lessening seizures in the foals, and limiting potentially swelling of muscles and brain tissue. This all helps to limit any further damage caused by oxygen deprivation. In any case, an equine veterinarian should be called and consulted before any treatment is applied. With early intervention and appropriate treatment, studies show that up to 80 percent of foals diagnosed with NMS after brith can make a full recovery and mature into a fully functioning adult.

Connection To Humans
The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is currently leading the way in researching NMS in America. They not only looked deeply into possible causes and effective treatments, but also how this syndrome could provide answers to other issues. One standout connection to NMS comes from childhood autism spectrum disorder. The researchers noticed that many symptoms of NMS looked similar to the symptoms of childhood autism and illness. The tactile response from the foals seems to mimic some anecdotal stories of touch helping newborn babies with illnesses. This practice is becoming more and more widespread in the United States, often referred to as kangaroo care, a process where a newborn baby is immediately giving to the mother or father for skin-to-skin contact.

There is also precedent for further research into neurosteroids in humans. Past research has shown that there are similar neurosteroids concentrations in humans as seen in the foals that present with neonatal maladjustment syndrome.

This approach to possible links between human medical science and veterinary science is known as One Health.