User:Ckfs27/sandbox

Draft for Small Contribution
This idea that gender is constantly shaped by expectations is relevant in the online community. Teenagers are easily able to formulate their own identities online, however, this can affect adolescent personalties. Teenagers can often come across situations in real life and online that cause them to question themselves, including their gender performances and expectations in order to please society.

I found that for the topic of general media influencing teen gender/identity development the article "Adolescents' uses of media for self-socialization" published by the Journal of Youth and Adolescence is very useful.

Draft for Major Contribution
In the 21st century, modern technology is everywhere in developed countries. In 2018, roughly 42% of tweens and teens have feelings of anxiety when they are not near their phones. Teens are spending an average of 6.5 hours on media daily. This data can be shown to reflect how much of a teenager's personality is dependent on media. In this context, social gender construction (specifically for younger audiences) is also influenced by media. Medias influencing gender construction can be seen in advertising, social networking, magazines, television, music, and music videos. These platforms can affect how a developing human sees themselves and those around them. There is both positive and negative media influences and each one can be perceived differently. Men and women are often portrayed in stereotypical ways in media, reflecting their "ideal image" for society. These images often act as a hard to reach expectation for many developing teenagers. Men are typically portrayed in media as strong, assertive, powerful, and strong. Particularly in television, men are usually shown as being nonemotional and unattached. Women are often portrayed as the exact opposite. Gender roles are especially noticeable for women in media, typically showed as the backbone of the household, the caretaker. These females in media are often given weak, dependent, and passive personalities. Media presence can show the idea that men are not allowed to be caring for others and that women are not allowed to be strong and demanding. This can all be misleading to a growing child or teenager because while they are still trying to socially construct their identities and genders, they are surrounded by influences that lean towards one side of the story.

Annotated Bibliography
In "How Teens and Parents Navigate Screen Time and Device Distractions," Jingjing Jiang reports on the amount of usage that teenagers and parents use their time to navigate devices. Using statistics and case studies, Jiang observes how teenagers spend more time than they would like on their screens and phones. Jiang does a good job of interpreting these statistics as to why they are presenting like this. This helped with my contribution because it presented data that supports factors that can influence a teenager's social gender construction.

In "Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds," Victoria Rideout and other authors explain how the strong presence of media can influence their development. The foundation presents information on a study conducted that showed the effects that all types of media had on their lives. They do a good job at explaining how these platforms can influence with the development of youth. This was sued in my project to further emphasize how much the media plays a part in the lives of the youth.

In "Media Influence on Teenagers," the Raising children Network talks about the media platforms that influence gender performance in teenagers. They present this by evaluating direct and indirect influence of each media platform on teenagers. This was used to talk about the good and bad of social media in my contribution and how it can influence the way one acts because of the way it is perceived and presented in society.

In "Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender," Julia Wood writes about stereotypical gender roles in the media. She presents this information by dividing into each media platform and listing out the various stereotypes for both male in females in each platform. This was used in my project by talking about some of the stereotypes in television and how it can affect children's gender performance because of what they are constantly shown on their screens.

In "Online Communication Among Adolescents: An Integrated Model of Its Attraction, Opportunities, and Risk," Valkenburg examines the popularity of online communication among adolescents. This examination is done by presenting many case studies and examining how the data provided in these studies influenced a teenagers development by using online communication. This will be used in my project to relay information on the identity development of teenagers.

In "The importance of peer group ("crowd") affiliation in adolescence," Brown talked about how teenagers feel more valued when they are accepted into a peer group. This was presented in two studies and showed that when teenagers are surrounded by positive groups and peers that stimulate them they are more likely to succeed. This was used in my project by explaining that peer groups and a teenager's surroundings can positively or negatively affect how they begin to develop and construct their identity and gender.

In "Adolescents' uses of media for self-socialization," Arnett talks about how teenagers are able to choose their own socialization paths. They talk about the many forms of social media and how teenagers often choose these forms of self-socialization rather then personal self-socialization with adults and their peers. This will be used in my project to talk about how this self-socialization in certain medias can affect gender identity.

In "Advertising Stereotypes and Gender Representation in Social Networking Sites," Tortajada presents images that exploit females and gender in social networking advertising. He explains that the images presented are the teenagers mirroring gender hyperritualization in advertising. This will be used in my project to talk about how teenagers often self present themselves to society.