User:Clandis0217/sandbox

Article Evaluation
Clandis0217 (talk) 10:33, 17 March 2019 (UTC)
 * evaluating content
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * The Article seemed to be relevant there didn't seem to be any useless information in the article
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 * The information seems to be up to date but it is missing much of the information about her life and childhood. It skips from her birth to her being a graduate in college. Did she have a very vanilla childhood or is that information missing? There is no information on what she did as a civil engineer just that she worked at this company. Did she do anything of importance?
 * What else could be improved?
 * you could include information on her life before she graduated and after she got her job. What did she do?
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 * there needs to be some new information added about her childhood and accomplishments.
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editing Jacobus Kapteyn

Kapteyn was born in Barneveld to Gerrit J. and Elisabeth C. (née Koomans) Kapteyn, and went to the University of Utrecht to study mathematics and physics in 1868. In 1875, after having finished his thesis, he worked for three years at the Leiden Observatory, before becoming the first Professor of Astronomy and Theoretical Mechanics at the University of Groningen, where he remained until his retirement in 1921. In 1888 he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Clandis0217 (talk) 10:33, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

additions:

He got into university at the age of 16 and, He did very well in in his studies and when he graduated he was magna cum laude. This later laid the foundation for his later career.

Draft 1 for Jacobus Kapteyn
Kapteyn was born in Barneveld to Gerrit J. and Elisabeth C. (née Koomans) Kapteyn, and was one 15 children. [2][3] Many of the Kapteyn’s  were gifted in mathematics and physics.  He Passed his entrance exams for university at the age of 16 but Kapteyn’s Parents wouldn't allow him to go until the following year. He went to the University of Utrecht to study mathematics and physics in 1868. He did very well in in his studies and when he graduated he was magna cum laude.[4] This later laid the foundation for his later career.[4] In 1875, after having finished his thesis, he worked for three years at the Leiden Observatory.[2] In 1877 Kapteyn was inducted as the first professor of astronomy and theoretical mechanics at the University of Groningen.[2] Kapteyn was able to achieve this through a royal decree. Around the same time one of Kapteyn’s Brothers, who Kapteyn would work closely with, was granted a professorship at the university of Utrecht. Although at this point Kapteyn seemed to be doing well for himself he meet many roadblocks in his early career. Kapteyn Tried to convince the Dutch Government, Who controlled spending at Groningen, for 12 years to give him the necessary resources to continue his research in the direction he wanted to take it. Also at Groningen, he founded the Astronomical Laboratory in 1896 and consequently became the director of the facility.[2] Kapteyn fulfilled both occupational roles as professor and director at Groningen until his retirement in 1921.[2] In 1888 he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[5]

Jacobus Kapteyn was a very doting father during the earlier years in his career and took an interactive role which during the 1880s was not done much by fathers. When Kapteyn’s children reached schooling age both his daughters, Jacoba Cornelia and Henrietta, and his son, Gerrit, went to a boys school. His daughter later made significant strides for women by going to university for law and medicine.

During Kapteyn’s Time

Clandis0217 (talk) 10:33, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

Peer review by Jcr9r2 (talk) 15:21, 22 March 2019 (UTC)[edit source]

 * 1) Nice to see additional information added about his family, like the amount of siblings he had.
 * 2) The addition of the struggles he went through as a professor was a good addition.
 * 3) If possible find out what his thesis was and what his research was on in order to add additional information about his professorship.
 * 4) The sentence “This later laid the foundation for his later career.” could be reworded as the two “laters” are distracting, even through you did not make this sentence.
 * 5) Adding additional sections to split up the text might be useful as further information is added.
 * 6) Finding out information on my article’s children/siblings might be a useful addition for me to make, as it adds useful information to your article.

Jcr9r2 (talk) 15:35, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Jacobus Kapteyn (Isaiah's Edits)
Kapteyn was born in Barneveld to Gerrit J. and Elisabeth C. (née Koomans) Kapteyn, and went to the University of Utrecht to study mathematics and physics in 1868. In 1875, after having finished his thesis, he worked for three years at the Leiden Observatory. In 1878 Kapteyn was inducted as the first professor of astronomy and theoretical mechanics at the University of Groningen. Also at Groningen, he founded the Astronomical Laboratory in 1896 and consequently became the director of the facility. Kapteyn fulfilled both occupational roles as professor and director at Groningen until his retirement in 1921. In 1888 he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Between 1896 and 1900, lacking an observatory, he volunteered to measure photographic plates taken by David Gill, who was conducting a photographic survey of southern hemisphere stars at the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. The results of this collaboration was the publication of Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CPD), a catalog listing positions and magnitudes for 454,875 stars in the Southern Hemisphere.

In 1904, using the method of proper motions, Kapteyn discovered that stellar motions were not random, as it was believed in that time. Stars could be divided into two streams, moving in nearly opposite directions. It was later realized that Kapteyn's data had been the first evidence of the rotation of our Galaxy, which ultimately led to the finding of galactic rotation by Bertil Lindblad and Jan Oort.

In 1906, Kapteyn employed the proper motions technique and launched a plan for a major study of the distribution of stars in the Galaxy. Using counts of stars in different directions. The plan involved measuring the apparent magnitude, spectral type, radial velocity, and proper motion of stars in 206 zones. This enormous project was the first coordinated statistical analysis in astronomy and involved the cooperation of over forty different observatories.

The Kapteyn Universe
His life's work, First attempt at a theory of the arrangement and motion of the sidereal system, was published in 1922, and described a lens-shaped island universe of which the density decreased away from the center, now known as the Kapteyn Universe. In his model the Galaxy was thought to be 40,000 light years in size, the sun being relatively close (2,000 light years) to its center. The model was valid at high galactic latitudes but failed in the galactic plane because of the lack of knowledge of interstellar absorption.

'''The structure and size of the galaxy was of great interest to many astronomers during Kapteyn's time. Around 1900, Hugo von Seegler made an attempt at the structure of the galaxy by making counts of stars between successive magnitudes. Ultimately, von Seegler was able to determine the rates at which the galaxy was diminishing in multiple different areas of the sky. In 1901, Kapteyn employed the proper motions technique and derived a statistical approach that allowed him to estimate the average distance to stars between successive magnitudes, effectively providing a scale for von Seegler's discoveries. Conclusive results from von Seegler and Kapteyn estimated the galaxy to be an oblate star system approximately 10 kpc in width and 2 kpc in thickness. Using the method of star counts, Kapteyn was able to confirm his results and dubbed his findings as his first model of the galaxy.'''

'''Despite having made great strides and providing a model for the galaxy, there was one major issue. Kapteyn's work was based off an unproven presumption, that is, that there is no light absorption in the space. If there were light absorption in space, then stars would look more faint, thus, seeming further away than they actually are. Light absorption would also cause the galaxy to disperse more quickly than it actually does. If light absorption proved to be a considerable factor, then Kapteyn's work, or at least his conclusions, would more or less be obsolete. To circumvent this dilemma, Kapteyn spent years studying and measuring the amount of absorption. By 1918, he was convinced light absorption was of negligible amounts and confidently stood behind his first model for the structure of the galaxy.'''