User:Clarenciaga/sandbox

Homelessness
Exeter has the 6th highest number of rough sleepers on a single night of all local authorities in England (as of the autumn of 2020), marking a 19% increase from 2019. In 2014, Exeter had "...the unenviable status of having the highest per capita rate of rough sleeping outside of London". During the coronavirus pandemic, 102 people in Exeter rough sleeping, or at risk of rough sleeping were accommodated as part of the government's 'Everybody In' directive. In Exeter City Council's recent 'Rough Sleeping Delivery Plan', a total of £3,351,347 was allocated for the purpose of reducing rough sleeping for the 2020/2021 period. The government's Next Steps Accommodation Programme also provided Exeter City Council with £440,000 to help reduce the number of rough sleepers on Exeter's streets. The council has also focussed its efforts on reducing rough sleeping in the long term, with a "£3 million Capital programme bid [for] the creation of 31 units of new long term move-on accommodation with dedicated support to be delivered before the 31 March 2021".

Housing Shortage
In 2020, the BBC reported the UK's housing gap was in excess of one million homes, and previously (in 2019) that "An estimated 8.4 million people in England are living in an unaffordable, insecure or unsuitable home, according to the National Housing Federation". Unaffordable housing is defined by the Affordable Housing Commission as where housing costs are above 30% of household income (see 'Defining and measuring housing affordability – an alternative approach'). In a government briefing paper, 'Tackling the under-supply of housing in England', Barton and Wilson describe England's housing need as being illustrated by issues "such as increased levels of overcrowding, acute affordability issues, more young people living with their parents for longer periods, impaired labour mobility resulting in businesses finding it difficult to recruit and retain staff, and increased levels of homelessness". Despite an added 244,000 homes to England's housing stock in 2019/20, the notion that an increased supply of housing will improve affordability has been challenged: the UK Housing Review (September 2017) states, "Indeed as the evidence to the Redfern Review from Oxford Economics reminds us, it is unlikely to bring house prices down except in the very long term and with sustained high output of new homes relative to household growth. Even boosting (UK) housing supply to 310,000 homes per annum in their model only brings a five per cent fall in the baseline forecast of house prices". Therefore, the National Housing Federation (NHF) and Crisis from Heriot-Watt University argue that alongside the needed 340,000 new homes each year (until 2031), 145,000 of those “must be affordable homes”.

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(conditions)

Planning permission may also be declined where the development does not meet affordable housing targets. This was confirmed in the case of Parkhurst Homes Ltd v Secretary of State for Communities And Local Government, in which Islington Council refused a developer's application as it did not meet “the maximum reasonable amount of affordable housing” (See judgment at paragraph 14). The developer's argument that no affordable homes would be built if their proposal was refused was held to be no excuse not to meet affordable housing requirements. This judgment also demonstrates how overpaying for land for development does not allow developers to bypass affordable housing requirements by way of 'self-inflicted financial unviability'.

(criticism)

In the Commons Briefing Paper '[https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7671/#:~:text=Failing%20to%20meet%20housing%20need,increased%20by%20around%20244%2C000%20homes. Tackling the under-supply of housing in England]', Barton and Wilson argue that, due to the increased value granted planning permission can offer land, "strategic land trading" by developers is contributing to the UK's housing crisis.