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1. Reading (process)

Content Added:

Introduction: In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe. Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one interpretation. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.

Overview: In the past, such as the Age of Enlightenment, writing was considered superior to reading in society. Readers during this time were considered passive citizens, simply because they did not produce a product. Michel de Certeau argued that the elites of the Age of Enlightenment were responsible for this general belief. Michel de Certeau believed that reading required venturing into an author's land, but taking away what the reader wanted specifically. Writing was viewed as a superior art to reading during this period, due to the hierarchical constraints the era initiated.

History: During the Age of Enlightenment, elite individuals promoted passive reading, rather than creative interpretation. Reading has no concrete laws, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively, promoting deep exploration of texts during interpretation. Construction, or the creation of writing and producing a product, was believed to be a sign of initiative and active participation in society, while consumption or reading, was viewed as simply taking in what constructors made.

2. Age of Enlightenment

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Exclusivity of Public Sphere: Those from the Enlightenment Era were subject to certain class systems, created in which writers were as privileged and worthy of authority, while readers were deemed passive in their analysis. During the 18th century, education was known to be found solely in books produced by the upper class, placing emphasis on construction rather than consumption. Because the wealthily perceived themselves as supreme, consumers were believed to lack creativity. In reference to public opinion, the constructors of these pieces felt their products should be interpreted in one certain way. During this time, the rich gave the theory that writing had a greater impact on society and required more effort due to the products made.

Reference:

De Certeau, Michel. “Reading as Poaching.” The Practice of Everyday Life. Trans. Steven F. Rendall. Berkely: University of California Press, 1984. 165-176.