User:Claudia2612/Psychological abuse

= Psychological Abuse = Psychological abuse, often called emotional abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behaviour that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

Psychological abuse, often called emotional abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behaviour that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. It is often associated with situations of power imbalance in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, and abuse in the workplace. It also may be perpetrated by persons conducting torture, other violence, acute or prolonged human rights abuse, particularly without legal redress such as detention without trial, false accusations, false convictions, and extreme defamation such as where perpetrated by state and media.

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Definition (Yinuo Wang)
  Psychological abuse refers to the use of persuasion and control techniques to exploit and/or mistreat others (Langone, 1992). Psychological abuse involves the frequent and deliberate use of a range of verbal and non-physical behaviors aimed at mentally and emotionally manipulating, harming, weakening or intimidating a person. Psychological abuse is often called emotional abuse which also involves the attempts to frighten, control, or isolate others.

Types (Yinuo Wang)
Researchers describe different types of psychological abuse.

Parental Psychological Abuse
It mainly refers to the phenomenon that children are psychologically/emotionally abused by their parents in family. This kind of abuse mainly includes humiliating children, telling children that they are worthless, negatively comparing children with others, and giving children the silent treatment as punishment (Fletcher).

Elder Psychological Abuse
Psychological abuse occurs when the elderly are yelled, threatened or belittled. It may have long-term health effects on the elderly, and in severe cases may lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety (Nursing Home).

Marital Psychological Abuse
Marriage does not give anyone the right to abuse their partner physically, sexually, emotionally or in any other way. Emotional abuse in marriage may lead the abused party to have unhealthy thoughts, such as deliberately belittling or completely denying himself or herself.

Name-calling and a Derogatory Name
Abusers humiliate others by openly calling others stupid or losers. The derogatory names lead to serious psychological pressure to the individuals being called, which makes them lose confidence and even dignity in public (Pietrangelo and Raypole).

Effects ( Ashley Ethier )
Victim who has experienced emotional abuse can experience short term and long-term effect. Short term effect that one may have is loneliness and isolation, self-doubt, shame, confusion, low self-esteem and they are not comfortable with communicating with others. Emotional abuse can also have some long-term effect; mental health condition, low mood, often negative emotions, chronic stress, trouble getting attached and can have trouble to empathize with people. A victim of psychological abuse can have different effects, whether that person has experienced this type of abuse during their childhood, it can influence relationships, their self-image, and their mental health and even physically.

Effects on children
Emotional abuse can have permanent damage on the brain especially when the brain is still developing during childhood. 14% of American have experienced emotional abuse or neglecting during their childhood. These consist of insulting the child, making the kids feel afraid by threatening them or terrorizing them, not believing in the child, not supporting them, not making them feel important, etc. When a child experiences these it affects the brain negatively by decreased size of the hippocampus, corpus callosum, less volume in the prefrontal cortex, overactivity in the amygdala and reduces volume of the cerebellum. In consequences it leads children to have learning deficit, mental health conditions, being always stressed and affecting their communication skills.( Leonard Holmes, P. D.)

Effects on self-image
Victim of psychological abuse can experience low self-esteem, self-doubt and shame (Telloian, C).

Effects on relationship
Emotional abuse can also have an effect on present and future relationship. Someone who has been a victim of this type of abuse will have a fear of abandonment, social anxiety, trouble trusting people, difficulty being their selves by fear of that person making them feel less worthy (Telloian, C).

Effects on overall mental health
A person who has been abuse will have some mental health issue, more precisely having trouble communicating, because of the social anxiety developed, depressing, eating disorders and may have some post-traumatic stress disorder or a complex post-traumatic stress disorder (Telloian, C).

Physical effects
Not only can a victim of psychological abuse have mental health effects after experiencing abuse, they can also experience physical pain, like chronic pain, fibromyalgia and even irritable bowel syndrome (Telloian, C).