User:Codrinb/sandbox/Timeline of Cluj-Napoca

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Prior to 11th century

 * c.850-900 - Gelou, "a certain Vlach" and "prince of the Vlachs", is ruling in Transylvania, the Gesta Hungarorum mention indicating that the Vlachs were considered the dominant Transylvanian population.
 * c.895–902 - Magyars (Hungarians) commence the conquest of the Carpathian Basin defeating and conquering the lands of Menumorut and later Gelou
 * c.902-950 - the area falls under the rule of Tuhutum (Tétény) and his descendants (within newly formed Principality of Hungary)
 * 1000 - the area becomes part of the Kingdom of Hungary, as Stephen I of Hungary is crowned as the first king and adopts Christianity

11th century

 * 1080s-1090s - Kolozsmonostor Abbey is established as first Benedictine monastery in Transylvania by Ladislaus I of Hungary

12th century

 * 1111-1113 - Mercurius, a distinguished nobleman who held the office during the reign of Coloman, King of Hungary (1095–1116), is mentioned in two royal charters as "princeps Ultrasilvanus" (perhaps the first known voivode of Transylvania)
 * 1143 - The colonization of Transylvania by Germans commences under the reign of King Géza II of Hungary (1141–1162)
 * 1173 - Clus as a county name is recorded for the first time, in a document which mentions Thomas comes Clusiensis
 * 1178 - Site "colonized" by newly arrived "Saxons".

13th century

 * 1213 - The first written mention of the city's current name – as a Royal Borough – under the Medieval Latin name Castrum Clus.
 * 1241 - City and Kolozsmonostor Abbey are destroyed during First Mongol invasion of Hungary
 * 1246 - The first recording for the Hungarian form Kolozsvár (uar / vár means "castle" in Hungarian).
 * 1275 - In a document of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, the village (Villa Kulusvar) is granted to the Bishop of Transylvania.
 * 1285-1286 - Second Mongol invasion of Hungary

14th century

 * 1316
 * August 19: King Charles I of Hungary grants the status of a city (Latin: civitas), as a reward for the Saxons' contribution to the defeat of the rebellious Transylvanian voivode, Ladislaus Kán.
 * Groundbreaking for the St. Michael's Church
 * 1332 - The first appearance of the Hungarian form Koloswar, as it underwent various phonetic changes over the years.
 * 1348 - First usage of the Saxon name of Clusenburg/Clusenbvrg appeared.
 * 1349 - A document signed by the archbishop of Avignon and fifteen other bishops grants the indulgence for those contributing to the illumination and furniture of the St. Michael's Church.
 * 1390 - The altar of St. Michael's Church is inaugurated.

15th century

 * 1405 - Through the privileges granted by Sigismund of Luxembourg, Cluj becomes a royal free city, is opting out from the jurisdiction of voivodes, vice-voivodes and royal judges, and obtains the right to elect a twelve-member jury every year.
 * 1408 - First mention of the Saxon form Clausenburg.
 * 1432 - St. Michael's Church is completed.
 * 1443 - 23 February: - Matthias Corvinus, future King of Hungary is born in Cluj
 * 1481 - First record of the presence of Jews living in Cluj.

16th century

 * 1511-1545 - Tower of St. Michael's Church is built.
 * 1541 - City stays in Eastern Hungarian Kingdom after the Ottoman Turks occupied the central part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
 * 1543 - Bonțida Bánffy Castle built near city.
 * 1550 - Printing press established by Gáspár Heltai.
 * 1565 - Witch trials begin.
 * 1568 - Unitarian Church of Transylvania is founded by Dávid Ferenc, who was previously a Catholic priest, later a Lutheran one and then a Calvinist bishop
 * 1570 - City becomes part of the independent Principality of Transylvania, established through the Treaty of Speyer
 * 1572 - built in Big Market Square.
 * 1581 - Gymnasium (school) founded.
 * 1593 - Witch trials end, with thirteen people being burned.

17th century

 * 1615 - Witch-hunt starts.
 * 1629 - Witch-hunt ends.
 * 1695 - Hungarian Szakácskönyv (cookbook) published.
 * 1699 - City becomes part of the Habsburg Monarchy per Treaty of Karlowitz.

18th century

 * 1715 - Construction of the begins.
 * 1785
 * Bánffy Palace built.
 * Gherla Prison begins operating in vicinity.
 * 1790 - City becomes capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania.
 * 1792 - Hungarian Theatre founded.
 * 1798 - Large parts of the city destroyed by fire.

19th century

 * 1803 - Bob Church consecrated.
 * 1812 - built.
 * 1828 - expanded.
 * 1829 - Evangelical-Lutheran Church built.
 * 1830s - Népkertnek Park (Central Park) opens.
 * 1845 - Town Hall built.
 * 1848 - 25 December: City taken by Hungarian forces.
 * 1869 - Institute of Agronomic Studies founded.
 * 1870
 * Railway to Budapest begins operating.
 * Population: 26,382.
 * 1872 - Franz Joseph University and Botanical Garden founded.
 * 1880 - Population: 29,923 (70% of Hungarian ethnicity).
 * 1887 - Neolog Synagogue built.
 * 1890 - Population: 32,739.
 * 1895 - built.
 * 1900 - Population: 46,670.

20th century

 * 1902
 * Palace of Justice built.
 * Matthias Corvinus Monument unveiled in Big Market Square.
 * 1906 - Cluj-Napoca National Theatre opens.
 * 1907 - CFR Cluj (football club) formed.
 * 1910 - Hungarian Theatre of Cluj building constructed.
 * 1911 - Ion Moina Stadium opens.
 * 1913 - built in Big Market Square.
 * 1918
 * 1 December: Union of Transylvania with Romania is declared
 * 24 December: City taken by Romanian forces; Hungarian rule ends.
 * 1919
 * Iulian Pop becomes the first Romanian mayor.
 * U Cluj football club formed.
 * Gheorghe Dima Music Academy founded.
 * 1920
 * Based on the Treaty of Trianon, Cluj becomes part of the Kingdom of Romania.
 * Population: 85,509.
 * 1921 - 28 September: Capitoline Wolf Statue, a gift from Italy to Romania as a symbol for its Latinity, unveiled in Unirii Square.
 * 1922 - Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania founded.
 * 1925 - Fine Arts School founded.
 * 1930
 * Greek Catholic Diocese of Cluj-Gherla established.
 * Population: 100,844.
 * 1933 - Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (Romanian Orthodox) built.
 * 1934 - Goldmark Jewish Symphonic Orchestra founded.
 * 1940 - City becomes part of Hungary again.
 * 1944
 * 27 March: City occupied by German forces.
 * 25 May: Deportation of Jews begins.
 * 11 October: City captured by Romanian and Soviet forces; Hungarian rule ends.
 * 1948
 * Protestant Theological Institute established.
 * Population: 117,915.
 * 1966 - Population: 185,663 (56% of Romanian ethnicity; 42% of Hungarian ethnicity).
 * 1968 -  literary magazine begins publication.
 * 1973 - CFR Cluj Stadium opens.
 * 1974
 * City renamed to "Cluj-Napoca".
 * Population: 218,703.
 * 1989 - December: Romanian Revolution.
 * 1992
 * Gheorghe Funar becomes mayor.
 * Population: 328,602 (75% of Romanian ethnicity).
 * 1994 - Association for Interethnic Dialogue established in Cluj.

21st century

 * 2001 - Peace Action, Training and Research Institute of Romania (PATRIR) founded.
 * 2004 - Emil Boc becomes mayor.
 * 2008
 * Sorin Apostu becomes mayor.
 * Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area created.
 * 2011 - Population: 324,576 city; 411,379 metro.
 * 2012 - Emil Boc becomes mayor again.
 * 2016 - Emil Boc becomes mayor yet again.