User:Colin/Introduction to Psychology, 2013

See User:Colin/A large scale student assignment – what could possibly go wrong? and User:Colin/Introduction to Psychology, Part I for the 2011 class

Since Joordens won't release the class list or article list (unlike in 2011), in order to analyse the student work, we have to spot the students. Fortunately they are remarkably easy to spot. Their assignment (if like 2011) is to add two facts to two articles, with citations.

I have identified 410 students who edited 252 articles as part of this class. The process of detection isn't perfect. There will be some students here who aren't part of this class but are almost certainly part of someone's class (because, in general, newbies don't turn up on psychology articles to add a fact citing a student textbook). But I think that nearly all of them are part of Joordens' class. There will also be others I haven't found or chose not to list because I wasn't sure. In 2011, when we had an incomplete list of students, a third of the students only edited one article and three-quarters of the articles were edited by only one student. So there's likely to be a large number of students undetected by this spider-crawl technique. Although the class has 1700 students, far fewer than that actually edited in 2011. In 2013, the proportion editing seems to be a lot higher. My guess is between 200 and 400 more students unlisted and perhaps 300 articles unlisted.

Articles

 * 2.5D (visual perception)
 * Abductive reasoning
 * Ablative brain surgery
 * Abnormal psychology
 * Abraham Maslow
 * Action potential
 * Adolescence
 * Affect (psychology)
 * Aggression (disambiguation)
 * Albert Bandura
 * Alcohol abuse
 * Alfred Adler
 * Alvin Liberman
 * Amnesia
 * Animal Metaphor Test
 * Animal sexual behaviour
 * Anorexia nervosa
 * Anosmia
 * Antidepressant
 * Antisocial personality disorder
 * Anxiety and Depression Association of America
 * Anxiety disorder
 * Anxiety
 * Aphasia
 * Appetite
 * Art therapy
 * Artificial intelligence
 * Attachment in adults
 * Attachment in children
 * Attention
 * Attitude (psychology)
 * Attribution (psychology)
 * Axon
 * B. F. Skinner
 * Behaviour therapy
 * Belmont Report
 * Bernard Weiner
 * Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity
 * Brain tumor
 * Bulimia nervosa
 * Carl Hovland
 * Carl Jung
 * Causes of mental disorders
 * Causes of schizophrenia
 * Cerebral hemisphere
 * Character orientation
 * Child development
 * Childhood obesity
 * Childhood
 * Cognitive appraisal
 * Cognitive behavioral therapy
 * Cognitive development
 * Cognitive dissonance
 * Cognitive ethology
 * Color blindness
 * Commitment
 * Conduction aphasia
 * Cone cell
 * Confirmation bias
 * Conformity
 * Consciousness
 * Conversion disorder
 * Corpus callosum
 * Countercontrol
 * Cultural identity
 * Cultural selection theory
 * Death anxiety (psychology)
 * Decision making
 * Delusional disorder
 * Dentate gyrus
 * Descriptive statistics
 * Developmental psychology
 * Dichotic listening test
 * Dichromacy
 * Dissociative disorder
 * Dissociative identity disorder
 * Drug therapy problems
 * Dysthymia
 * Eating disorder
 * Echoic memory
 * Edward Thorndike
 * Effective group decision making
 * Effects of stress on memory
 * Egocentric bias
 * Elliot Aronson
 * Emotional expression
 * Emotion
 * Emulation (observational learning)
 * Encoding (memory)
 * Epileptic seizure
 * Equilibrioception
 * Evolutionary psychology
 * Eye movement
 * Facial symmetry
 * False-consensus effect
 * Family therapy
 * Fear
 * Figure–ground (perception)
 * Forced perspective through depth perception
 * Forgetting
 * Fritz Heider
 * Generalized anxiety disorder
 * George Sperling
 * Gestalt therapy
 * Glomerulus (olfaction)
 * Group behaviour
 * Group psychotherapy
 * Habit (psychology)
 * Hedonic motivation
 * Heritability of IQ
 * Hippocampus
 * Human sexual activity
 * Human sexuality
 * Hypersexuality
 * Hypnotherapy
 * Hypochondriasis
 * Iconic memory
 * Id, ego and super-ego
 * Identity (social science)
 * Induced movement
 * Inner ear
 * Insight-oriented psychotherapy
 * Insight
 * Insomnia
 * Interpersonal attraction
 * Jean Piaget
 * Julian Rotter
 * Karen Horney
 * Kinetic depth effect
 * Language acquisition
 * Lawrence Kohlberg
 * Learning
 * Lifestyle (sociology)
 * List of people with anorexia nervosa
 * Locus of control
 * Logopenic progressive aphasia
 * Maudsley Family Therapy
 * Memory errors
 * Memory
 * Mnemonic
 * Monoamine neurotransmitter
 * Mood disorder not otherwise specified
 * Mood disorder
 * Moral reasoning
 * Motivated forgetting
 * Motivation
 * Motor neuron
 * Narcissistic personality disorder
 * Nathan Ackerman
 * National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
 * Natural design
 * Neurogenesis
 * Neuromodulation
 * Neurotransmitter transporter
 * Non-rapid eye movement sleep
 * Norman Adler
 * Normative social influence
 * Occipital lobe
 * Occupational stress
 * Olfaction
 * Oliver Braddick
 * Operant conditioning
 * Panic disorder
 * Parenting styles
 * Parenting
 * PeerScholar
 * Performance status
 * Personality disorder
 * Personality psychology
 * Personality test
 * Personality
 * Persuasion
 * Pharmaceutical drug
 * Photoreceptor
 * Physical attractiveness stereotype
 * Physical attractiveness
 * Positive psychology
 * Positivity effect
 * Prejudice
 * Prenatal development
 * Primacy
 * Problem solving
 * Promise
 * Psychoanalysis
 * Psychopathy
 * Race and intelligence
 * Radial arm maze
 * Raymond Cattell
 * Recall (memory)
 * Reciprocal determinism
 * Risk
 * Robert Levasseur (academic)
 * Roger Wolcott Sperry
 * Rollo May
 * Roughness (psychophysics)
 * Saccule
 * Sadness
 * Schizophrenia
 * Schizotypal personality disorder
 * Self in Jungian psychology
 * Self psychology
 * Self-actualization
 * Self-control theory of crime
 * Self-control
 * Self-esteem
 * Self-fulfilling prophecy
 * Self-image
 * Sex differences in humans
 * Sexism
 * Sexual orientation
 * Short-term memory
 * Sigmund Freud
 * Slow motion perception
 * Smell
 * Social anxiety disorder
 * Social influence
 * Social information processing (cognition)
 * Sophrosyne
 * Speed reading
 * Split-brain (computing)
 * Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales
 * Stress (biology)
 * Stress (psychological)
 * Superior temporal gyrus
 * Synapse
 * Systematic desensitization
 * Taste
 * Television addiction
 * Temporal lobe
 * The Personality Test (hits head against keyboard while making low groaning sound)
 * Theodore Lidz
 * Thought
 * Tickling
 * Tinnitus retraining therapy
 * Tip of the tongue
 * Tongue
 * Treatment of mental disorders
 * Ugo Cerletti
 * Undoing (psychology)
 * Unorthodox Behaviour
 * Vision (spirituality)
 * Vision
 * Visual thinking
 * Walter Dearborn
 * Wilhelm Wundt
 * Wonderlic Test
 * Work self-efficacy
 * Working memory training
 * Working memory
 * Youth
 * Zest (positive psychology)
 * Zone of proximal development

Plagiarism test
I'm going through the edits of the above alphabetical student list looking for ones where the source is the web or a freely available online journal. I'll list the edit here and comment on plagiarism (either direct copy/paste or close paraphrasing).

Update: I don't see much point in continuing this. Nearly all of the edits where I can examine the source are plagiarised. Sometimes blatant copy/paste, sometimes the punctuation and conjunctions are changed, sometimes a little more rework. But still close paraphrasing without in-text attribution. On the rare exception when the student really does attempt to write in their own words, they nearly always screw up. Which is hardly surprising since they don't really understand their subject yet. These are 1st-year undergrads doing an "Introduction to" class in a subject most of them aren't planning to qualify in. Colin°Talk 16:03, 1 April 2013 (UTC)


 * Physical attractiveness edited by.
 * Article text
 * In a study that reflected the views of 700 individuals, through a series of 5 studies, 3 of which involved animated representations of people walking. The physical attractiveness perceived increased by about 50 percent when women walked with a hip sway.
 * Source text
 * The findings reflect the views of over 700 individuals who participated in a series of five studies, three of which involved animated representations of people walking. The attractiveness ratings for perceived women increased by about 50 percent when they walked with hip sway
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing.


 * Short-term memory edited by.
 * Article text
 * Many language-impaired patients make several complaints about short-term memory deficits. Several family members confirming that patients have trouble recalling previously known names and events. The opinion is supported by many studies showing that many aphasics also have trouble with visual-memory required tasks.
 * Source text
 * many language-impaired patients (like those with aphasia) complain of memory difficulties, and their families often confirm that the patients have troubles recalling previously known names and events, and learning new information. It seems that the complaints of poor memory in such patients are more significant than simply a manifestation of an underlying speech breakdown (Ween et al.,1996). The above opinion is supported by a large number of studies showing that aphasics also have problems in visual memory tasks not requiring a verbal answer.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing.


 * Tinnitus retraining therapy edited by.
 * Article text
 * Numerous other methods have been suggested for the treatment of tinnitus, two key components directly follow from the neurophysiological model of tinnitus. One of these principles include counselling aimed at reclassification of tinnitus to a category of neutral signals, while the other includes sound therapy which is aimed at weakening tinnitus related neuronal activity.
 * Source text
 * Several other methods have been suggested for habituation of tinnitus, but in TRT two components that strictly follow the principles of the neurophysiological model of tinnitus are implemented and necessary: (1) counseling, aimed at reclassification of tinnitus to a category of a neutral signals and (2) sound therapy, aimed at weakening tinnitus-related neuronal activity
 * Unattributed very close paraphrasing.


 * Insight-oriented psychotherapy edited by.
 * Article text
 * However, the popular treatment methods used can also generate placebo insights within clients. Because patients face a lot of epistemic pressure in the therapeutic encounter, they may experience insights such as illusions, deception, or adaptive self-misunderstandings-- and it can also generate therapeutic artefacts that seem to confirm these insights.
 * Source text
 * I argue that because clients face significant epistemic pressures in the therapeutic encounter, the insight-oriented psychotherapies are highly susceptible to generating placebo insights, that is, illusions, deceptions, and adaptive self-misunderstandings that convincingly mimic veridical insight but have no genuine explanatory power. The insight-oriented psychotherapies also are highly susceptible to generating therapeutic artefacts that appear to confirm the insights acquired by clients.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing


 * Nathan Ackerman edited by.
 * Article text
 * Ackerman attended a public school in New York City. In 1929 he was awarded a B.A. from Columbia University, and in 1933 earned his M.D. from the same university. After a short spell (1933–34) as an intern at the Montefiore Hospital in New York, he interned at the Menninger Clinic and Sanitorium in Topeka, Kansas. He joined their psychiatric staff in 1935.
 * Source text
 * Ackerman attended a public school in New York City. In 1929 he was awarded a B.A. from Columbia University, and in 1933 earned his M.D. from the same university. After a short spell (1933–34) as an intern at the Montefiore Hospital in New York, he interned at the Menninger Clinic and Sanitorium in Topeka, Kansas. He joined their psychiatric staff in 1935.
 * Copy/paste


 * Bernard Weiner edited by.
 * Article text
 * Education: A product of Chicago's public schools, he received his undergraduate degree in Liberal Arts from the University of Chicago in 1955 and an MBA, majoring in Industrial Relations, from the same university in 1957. Following two years of service in the U.S. Army, Weiner enrolled in a PhD program in personality at the University of Michigan,where he was mentored by John Atkinson, one of the leading personality and motivational psychologists of that era. Weiner completed his PhD from Michigan in 1963, spent two years as an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota before joining the psychology faculty at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1965, where he remained active into the early 2000s.
 * Source text
 * A product of Chicago's public schools, he received his undergraduate degree in Liberal Arts from the University of Chicago in 1955 and an MBA, majoring in Industrial Relations, from the same university in 1957. Following two years of service in the U.S. Army, Weiner enrolled in a PhD program in personality at the University of Michigan, where he was mentored by John Atkinson, one of the leading personality and motivational psychologists of that era. Weiner completed his PhD from Michigan in 1963, spent two years as an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota before joining the psychology faculty at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1965, where he remained active into the early 2000s.
 * Copy/paste


 * Facial symmetry edited by
 * Article text
 * There is dispute of whether increased facial attractiveness is solely due to changes in symmetry or averageness. Experiments show that symmetry and averageness make independent contributions to overall attractiveness. Averageness remains a significant predictor of attractiveness when the effect of symmetry was excluded. The results of these experiments rejected that the attractiveness of facial configurations could be solely due to associated changes in symmetry, and strengthened the evidence that facial averageness is attractive.
 * Source text
 * Several commentators have suggested that the attractiveness of average facial configurations could be due solely to associated changes in symmetry. If this symmetry hypothesis is correct, then averageness should not account for significant variance in attractiveness ratings when the effect of symmetry is partialed out. Furthermore, changes in attractiveness produced by manipulating the averageness of individual faces should disappear when all the images are made perfectly symmetric. The experiments reported support neither prediction. Symmetry and averageness (or distinctiveness, the converse of averageness) made independent contributions to attractiveness (Experiments 1 and 2), and changes in attractiveness resulting from changes in averageness remained when the images were made perfectly symmetric (Experiment 2). These results allow us to reject the symmetry hypothesis, and strengthen the evidence that facial averageness is attractive.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing


 * Self-image edited by
 * Article text
 * Self images tends to change over time as an individual matures and develops, though everyone goes through a certain time where they feel unhappy or insecure about their abilities and appearance.
 * Source text (may not be identical to source but similar article by same author)
 * Self-image is not static; it changes over time as a person matures and develops according to situations in life. Everyone goes through times when they feel insecure about their appearance, abilities, or accomplishments.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing
 * Note: Previous edit by uses same source and has same copy/paste problems.


 * Cerebral hemisphere edited by
 * Article text
 * During the twentieth century a theory developed about the right and left hemisphere. It was stated that the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere had different functions. The left hemisphere dealt with verbal, rational and analytic functions. While the right hemisphere dealt with emotional, and holistic. Although recent research has revealed that each hemisphere contributes to skills, reason, emotions and more.
 * Source text
 * In the later 19th, and particularly in the 20th, century following the first callosotomy procedures of Sperry and Bogen, there arose a plethora of theories about the different functions the two hemispheres might perform, which broadly distinguished a verbal, rational, analytic left hemisphere from a visuospatially orientated, emotional, and holistic right hemisphere, though the evolutionary origin and basis of their anatomical and functional separation remained obscure. [3] Subsequent research has in any case revealed that each hemisphere contributes to language, visuospatial skills, reason, and emotion, indeed to virtually every cerebral function, suggesting that the bihemispheric structure of the brain is an anomaly.
 * Some attempt at rephrasing but gets one fact wrong in the process: not "a theory" but "a plethora of theories". The summary of the "recent research" is not as helpful as it might be.
 * Note: Once again the previous edit by uses same source and is pretty much copy/paste.


 * Abnormal psychology edited by
 * Article text
 * Although many behaviours could be considered as abnormal, this branch of psychology generally deals in a clinical context.
 * Source text
 * Although there is obviously a great deal of behaviour that could be considered abnormal, this branch of psychology deals mostly with that which is addressed in a clinical context.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing and reworked text has poor grammar.


 * Alvin Liberman edited by
 * Article text
 * His idea set the agenda for fifty years of psychological research in speech perception.
 * Source text
 * Alvin Meyer Liberman (May 10, 1917 - Jan. 13, 2000) was an American psychologist whose ideas set the agenda for fifty years of research in the psychology of speech perception.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing verging on copy/paste.


 * Pharmaceutical drug edtted by
 * Article text
 * The "gray market" for cancer and other drugs has been started due to a short supply of pharmaceutical drugs. The data from a statistical graph observed shows that the wholesale acquisition price of 7 prescription drugs are better sources. The drug primarily used to treat breast cancer, called Paclitaxel costs $695 on the gray market where as the wholesaler costs about $52.78.
 * Source text
 * Due to short supply of pharmaceuticals, the “gray market” for cancer and other drugs has emerged. This data reflects the wholesale acquisition price of 7 prescription drugs compared to an alternative source. Paclitaxel, primarily used to treat breast cancer, costs $695 on the gray market compared to $52.78 through the wholesaler.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing. In addition, make little sense without the chart.


 * Learning edited by
 * Article text
 * Active learning helps develop 85% of a child's brain during the first five years of their life.
 * Source text
 * Active Learning - The AKELC nursery programme for children aged two to four years is based on the principle that the early years are the most critical in a child’s development. Scientific research has highlighted that 85 percent of brain development occurs during the first five years after birth.
 * Rephrased but not what the source says (which is a brochure for a school in Dubai)!


 * The Personality Test edited by
 * Article text
 * The personality Test help individuals to define their personality in a systematic and scientific way. Psychologists use this technique to accurately and consistently measure individual personality. It can be use for assessing theories, look at the changes in personality, evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnosing psychological problems and screening job candidates. There are two types of basic personality tests: self-report and projective tests. However, there are potential problems with its reliability and validity.
 * Source text
 * What Is Personality Testing? ...they assess personality, but on a much more systematic and scientific level. Personality testing refers to techniques that are used to accurately and consistently measure personality. How are personality tests used? For assessing theories. To look at changes in personality. To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. Diagnosing psychological problems. Screening job candidates. Types of Personality Assessment: There are two basic types of personality tests: self-report inventories and projective tests. [[self-report inventories are] relatively easy to administer and have a much higher reliability and validity than projective tests.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing


 * Emotion edited by
 * Article text
 * Another component of emotion is the behavior that are performed in conjunction with an emotion. These behaviors are constructed by the striated muscular system, which has two general types called gross behaviors of the body effected by the skeletal muscles and the so-called emotion expressions.
 * Source text
 * Another obvious descriptive component of emotion is the set of behaviors that may be performed and observed in conjunction with an emotion. These behaviors are produced by the striated muscular system and are of two general types: gross behaviors of the body effected by the skeletal muscles and the so-called emotion expressions.
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing


 * National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research edited by
 * The article text has several pages of text lifted from source e.g. this.
 * Massive copyright violation


 * Vision edited by
 * Article text
 * Disadvantages of Visual Impairment: * Visual impairment may significantly impact an individual’s ability to participate in occupations of choice. * Common problems for children suffering with visual impairment may impact a child’s ability to meet developmental milestones, interact with their peers,learn, and play. * For an adult, visual impairment may interfere with obtaining meaningful employment, learning skills, and engaging in leisure activities. * For the older elderly, visual impairment may impede social participation, reduce the ability to remain independent with activities of daily living, and engage in activities of choice.
 * Source text
 * Visual impairment may signi?cantly impact an individual’s ability to participate in occupations of choice. Visual impairment may impact a child’s ability to meet developmental milestones, interact with their peers, learn, and play. For an adult, visual impairment may interfere with obtaining meaningful employment, learning skills, and engaging in leisure activities. For the older adult, visual impairment may impede social participation, reduce the ability to remain independent with activities of daily living, and engage in activities of choice
 * Unattributed close paraphrasing verging on pure copy/paste.

Students to assess
For the analysis, I'm looking at each edit and judging its qualities. Does the sentence make sense? Does it fit in this location in the article or even in the article? How good is the citation? Is the text a copy vio (copy paste portions (clauses) into Google is the easiest way to spot this, particularly if the prose is well written) -- Google will find journal text even if behind a paywall. Then look at the article history since and see if the edit was retained. If not, who removed it and why? Diffs help for the add/remove but aren't required.

This list is fairly stable and other volunteers could assess these students one at a time. Put your name against a bunch of students to indicate you are going to review them.

NOTE: If the "Plagiarism/Copyvio found" column is empty, that means the reviewer didn't check or didn't have access to the source.

Students being assessed by Mike Christie
I've separated these out so my assessments don't edit conflict with other edits; I suggest other editors consider doing the same. I'll move these back up when done. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 14:48, 31 March 2013 (UTC)

Yet More Students
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Learning&diff=546053536&oldid=545892478
 * (University of Toronto IP) "Learning will increase brain knowledge" -- added to the lead paragraph of Learning citing the student textbook. Was reverted in less than a minute.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.
 * "Without memory, people will forget many things" -- added to the lead of Memory citing Sperling, G (1963). "A Model for Visual Memory Tasks". This lasted 2 minutes before being reverted.