User:Comanoodle/1080i

1080i is the shorthand name of a format of high-definition video modes. 1080 denotes the number of horizontal scan lines - also known as vertical resolution - and the letter i stands for interlaced. In the alternate format of high-definition video mode, known as 1080p, the p would stand for progressive scan. 1080i is generally used in place of 1440x1080, at a framerate of 29.97 (30000/1001), while 1080p is usually used in place of 1920x1080 (full HD), at a framerate of 23.976 fps (24000/1001).

1080i is a high-definition television (HDTV) video mode. The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels and a frame resolution of 1920 &times; 1080 or about 2.07 million pixels. In reality, however, this format is almost never used, and instead video with a horizontal resolution of 1440 is used.



The effective vertical resolution, like any interlaced format, is not as high as the nominal 1080 pixels, due to the need to vertically filter the image at the source to avoid twitter artifacts. The effective vertical resolution is around 800 pixels, depending on the level of filtering applied.

In most contexts, including camcorders and HDTV, what corporations define as "1080i" actually has a lower horizontal resolution, with only 1440 horizontal pixels, 1080 vertical pixels. This is often something to watch out for with tape camcorders, because the highest recordable resolution on any HDV tape is 1440x1080. However, most hard drive-based camcorders still record at 1440x1080. Some camcorders allow you to connect them directly to computer capture cards, and record at 1080p, to the capture card.

The field rate of 1080i is typically 60 Hz for NTSC countries (such as United States, Canada and Japan) or 50Hz for PAL/SECAM countries (such as in Europe, Australia, much of Asia, Africa). Because of this the two most common frame rates are 30 frames per second or 25 frames per second. Both variants can be transmitted by both major digital television formats, ATSC and DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the field rate is generally specified after the letter i, such as "1080i60". The European Broadcasting Union (EBU), prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25.

1080i is directly compatible with CRT-based HDTV sets. 1080i is displayed as is on 1080p-based televisions and is compatible with newer 720p-based televisions, but must be deinterlaced first in order to be displayed on those sets. A very popular panel size used in mid-range HDTVs is 1366 x 768; these are often advertised as 1080i "compatible" or "HD ready" - however these HDTVs, while accepting a 1080i signal scales it down to the panel size of 1366x768 as these are physically incapable of displaying 1920x1080 resolutions.

Due to revision of the NTSC format when color became available, the frame rate of actual 1080i broadcasts is usually 0.1% slower than is implied. For example, a 1080i/30 or "30 Hz" transmission actually displays about 29.97 frames per second. Both the straight 24/30/60 and 23.976/29.97/59.94 frequencies are supported by current standards. In European countries where PAL has been used, it is common to code 1080i in 25 frames per second which is equal to 50 fields per second.

Progressive format 1080p (in 50 Hz or 60 Hz) is becoming common in production and is foreseen as the future broadcasting standard. Today EBU recommends that 720p at 50Hz be used for distribution.