User:Condortj

 CSA-IPAC Standard for geological storage of carbon dioxide 

 1. Scope 

1.1

This Standard is intended to establish requirements for the design, implementation, and management of sites intended for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, including recommendations for screening and site selection, design, injection and operation, abandonment and long-term stewardship. The approach reflects the current understanding of best industry practices and aims to drive towards a consensus among project developers, regulators and public in terms of development of risk-based performance targets. To this end, the standard recognizes the need for site selection and management tailored to the unique characteristics of each site (site-specific basis). Site selection and management should aim at demonstrating that any inherent or engineered risks or uncertainties are adequately controlled and managed.

This standard is applicable to depleted and/or partially depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as deep saline formations. The management section includes, but not limited to the safe design, construction, operation, maintenance, and abandonment of facilities and storage sites. The standard also provides recommendations for the development of management documents, performance risk assessment, and risk communication.

1.2

CO2 within the scope of this standard means stream of overwhelmingly carbon dioxide. Depending on the performance target, the stream may contain impurities for which health, environmental, and safety risks should be properly evaluated. In order to reach this goal, an exclusion list of impurities is included in the Annex A. These impurities should not be considered as toxic or dangerous.

1.3

The scope of this standard is shown in Figure 1

1.4

This standard does not apply to: (a) CO2 injection as part of any form of Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR-CO2-based

(b) CO2 injection and storage in un-mineable coal beds and/or basalt formations

(c) Underground storage facilities for gases or fluids other than CO2 such as acid gases, hydrocarbons, fuels, and fluids that scientifically are recognized as not dangerous for living organisms

(d) Underground storage in overburden materials involving the use of any form of containers.

1.5

Requirements for abnormal or unusual conditions are not specifically addressed, and complete details of engineering and construction although not directly provided, they should be mentioned as hypothesis.

1.6

Changes in this standard can be made based upon new experience or technology, or both.

1.7

The requirement of this standard do not apply retroactively to existing installations and installations under construction at the time of publication, they do apply to the extension, replacement, maintenance, and upgrading of such installations.

1.8

In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user must satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.9

The standard flowchart is depicted in the Figure 2

2. Reference Publications

CSA (Canadian Standards Association)

CSA B137 Series-09. Thermoplastic pressure piping;

CSA C22.1-06. Canadian Electrical Code, Part I;

CSA Q850-97 (R2009). Risk Management: Guideline for Decision-Makers;

CSA Z94.4-02 (R2007). Selection, use, and care of respirators;

CSA Z180.1-00 (R2005). Compressed breathing air and systems;

CSA Z245.1-07. Steel pipe;

CSA Z245.6-06. Coiled aluminum line pipe and accessories;

CSA Z245.11-09. Steel fittings;

CSA Z245.12-09. Steel flanges;

CSA Z245.15-09. Steel valves;

CSA Z245.20-06. External fusion bond epoxy coating for steel pipe;

CSA-Z245.21. External polyethylene coating for pipe;

CSA Z275.3-09. Occupational safety code for construction work in compressed air;

CSA-Z341 Series. Storage of hydrocarbons in underground formations;

CSA Z662-07 Package Smart. Oil and gas pipeline systems;

CSA Z731. Emergency preparedness and response;

CSA Z763-96 (R2006). Introduction to Environmental Risk Assessment Studies;

CSA Z1000-06. Occupational health and safety management;

API (American Petroleum Institute)

API G04400. Worldwide Cementing Practices

API Spec 10A. Specification for Cements and Materials for Well Cementing

API RP 10B-2. Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements

API RP 5B1 (1999). Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads

API RP 5C1 (1999). Care and Use of Casing and Tubing

API TR 5C3. Performance Properties of Casing, Tubing, and Drill Pipe

API RP 14E (1991, R2000). Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems

API RP 750 (withdrawn). Management of Process Hazards

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases. Part 1. Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals

ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases. Part 2. Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements

ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases. Part 3. Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions

ISO 31000 - Risk Management - Principles and guidelines

ISO Guide 73 - Risk Management – Vocabulary

API/ISO (American Petroleum Institute /International Organization for Standardization)

API RP 5A3. Recommended Practice on Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing, Line Pipe, and Drill Stem Elements

API RP 5A5. Field Inspection of New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe

API Spec 5CT. Specification for Casing and Tubing

API Spec 6A. Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment

ANSI/API (American National Standards Institute/American Petroleum Institute)

ANSI/API RP 14B. Design, Installation, Repair and Operation of Subsurface Safety Valve Systems

ASME International (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

ANSI/ASME B31.3-2008. Process Piping

NACE International (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)

NACE RP0186-01. Application of Cathodic Protection for External Surfaces of Steel Well Casings

NACE/ISO (National Association of Corrosion Engineers/International Organization for Standardization)

ANSI/NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156. Materials for Use in H2S-containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production - Parts 1, 2 and 3