User:Courtney Moeller/sandbox

TEXT ADDED:

 Things to Add in Section on Street Authenticity: 
 * Add the definition of Misogyny which is, "The hatred or disdain of women. It is an ideology that reduces women to objects for mens ownership, use, or abuse. It diminishes women to expendable beings"
 * Content analyses have found that approximately 22% to 37% of rap lyrics contain some misogyny, depending on subgenre. [ add: Adams and Fuller state that there are six themes that are considered to be misogynistic rap. The first being pejorative statements about women relative to sex; second is statements linking vicious actions towards women, also in relation to sex; third involving references of women causing problems for men; the fourth being the characterization of women as “users” of men; the fifth theme involves references of women being less than men; and sixth theme referencing towards the thought that women are usable and discardable beings. ]
 * Add: "Since the era of slavery African American women have been one of the biggest targets of racial and sexual stereotypical and detrimental propaganda. Which ultimately leads to the misogynistic claims against African American women to be more rationalized or go unnoticed". "The portray of African American women in rap music videos is done in respect to hegemonic controlling images" In a study of the images of African American women in rap music videos, three stereotypes were revealed: Jezebel, Sapphire, and Mammy/"Baby Mama".                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In this section add:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1.  "In the genre of 'gangsta rap', women but more specifically African American women, are lessened to mere objects, with their only purpose being good for sex as well as abuse, and at the end of the day are a burden to men. " -Adams and Fuller article                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2.   In an analysis done of 38 rap music videos done by Emerson noticed that these videos have "the ideological controlling image of the hypersexual ‘‘jezebel’’ as well images of agency, independence, strength, and autonomy. Emerson also points out that the videos often feature reversals of the traditional focus on female bodies from the male gaze. Instead, he notes that the videos have in common ‘‘the construction of the male body, and particularly the black male body, as the object of Black female pleasure. ’’ - Dennis Herd Article                                                             3. Misogynistic descriptions of black women in rap music is predominately dominated by their black male counterparts which might actually reflect a real problem between the tensions of gender relationships within African American communities. In Dennis Herds article, Rose (2008) states, "Sexism is visible, vulgar, aggressive and popular, fueled by a complex of factors including sexism in black communities that influence rappers' attitudes and lyrics as well as the patriarchal values permeating the wider society".
 * Female rap artist have used their music or started organizations to explicitly oppose hip hop misogyny, and have expressed resistance by using self-empowering lyrics and emphasizing their independence as women. ADD: " Female rappers accounted for only 5 of the 90 misogynistic songs, as well as an additional 8 songs (out of the remaining 313) that did not have misogynistic lyrics. The scarcity of female artists shows just how male- dominated rap was during this time period, especially at the platinum level". Weitzer and Kubrin
 * Some scholars believe that the images of black masculinity that these rappers portray in their music might actually be derived from actual norms and or behavioral patters typifying social life in their African American communities.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.  Further towards the song, the lyric that stands out the most is "One, two; you're the girl that I want, three, four, five, six, seven; shit eight is the bullets if you say no after all this...I just wanna drag your lifeless body to the forest, and fornicate with it but that's because I'm in love with you, cunt". Add: "Rap music promotes and reflects 'rape culture' that 'is a complex of beliefs supporting a continuum of threatened violence against women that ranges from sexual remarks to rape itself".  In other words, Armstrong states that 'gangsta rap' might actually be a true cultural statement about the rappers and their life experiences, and in turn refutes any type of structurally oriented explanation. - Article by Dennis Herd

 Themes: 

The research done in this article focuses on the affects rap music has on youth audiences all around the world, and the role it is believed to play in shaping adolescents views and mindsets related to sexuality. In addition to the feminist perspectives on sexuality in rap music, with an emphasis on black women considering they are usually the ones being sexualized in rap songs. Most of the basic stereotypes applied to black women are within rap music are demeaning portrayals such as freak, gold digger, or baby mams. Since the rap and hip hop industry are predominately dominated by males, they are almost in control of the black women image, by facilitating through a patriarchal framework that includes sexism in addition to both the physical and emotional abuse of women. There are more images of masculinity in rap music, than there are images of femininity in rap music. For the most part images of manhood in rap music tend to be more hypersexual, misogynistic and violent. These ideas are glorified in the rap industry and almost reflect the values of our society.
 * The genre of rap music originates from the era of slavery, and was born out of traditional slave spirituals such as the blues, jazz and soul as a way for African Americans to fight oppression through music. The genres of the blues, jazz and soul transformed over time with the help of African American youths into one of the most popular genres of music referred to as rap music, which unlike the traditional slave spirituals, rap music contains elements of promoting violence, sex, and materialism. -Kate Conrad, Travis Dixon, and Yuanyuan Zhang.
 * When rappers portray these messages of violence, sex and materialism according to Conrad, Dixon, and Zhang "researchers suggest that these messages propagate a desire for wealth, while glamorizing sexual actions and violence as a means to obtain this affluence".
 * However, within the genre of rap music, there is "gangsta rap" which portrays a different kind of message. According to Conrad, Dixon, Zhang a content analysis done by Kubrun (2005), established that 68% of "gangsta rap" main message is respect and is portrayed just as often as the message of violence within rap music. By portraying such a powerful message like respect, helps show that rap music can be used positively by the African American community to reinforce social movement.
 * EXTRA MATERIAL
 * Sources:
 * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1097184X08327696
 * https://search-proquest-com.manowar.tamucc.edu/socabs/docview/1695135602/D077AE1077414AD5PQ/4?accountid=7084
 * https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934704274072
 * http://web.b.ebscohost.com.manowar.tamucc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=b27093bb-a737-4e5c-9773-5023d38e9c04%40pdc-v-sessmgr01
 * Annotated Bib:
 * Works Cited  Adams, Terri M., and Douglas B. Fuller. 2006. “The Words Have Changed But The Ideology Remains The Same: Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36. No. 6, July 2006, Pp. 938-957.             Misogyny can be defined as the hatred or disdain of women, which happens to be a common theme in rap music. This is the ideology used to reduce women to something lower than they are, for men to feel ownership over them. In the genre of rap music, women (especially African American women) are reduced to objects with their sole purpose being to provide sex and to be abused and being referred to as a burden to men. Adams and Fuller state that there are six themes that are considered to be misogynistic rap. The first being pejorative statements about women relative to sex; second is statements linking vicious actions towards women, also in relation to sex; third involving references of women causing problems for men; the fourth being the characterization of women as “users” of men; the fifth theme involves references of women being less than men; and sixth theme referencing towards the thought that women are usable and discardable beings. These themes represent the concept of misogynistic rap reducing women and portraying them as subjects not worthy of respect.  Hooks, Bell. 1994. “Outlaw Culture Resisting Representations: Gangsta Culture – Sexism, Misogyny” Routledge,  Pp. 115-123.             Our society is filled with sexist, misogynist, and individuals with patriarchal ways of thinking and rap music only helps to fuel the thoughts of those individuals. Rap music happens to be one of the most crude and brutal forms of the expression of sexism and misogyny, allowing for the portrayal of male deviance as the dominant culture. With the new wave of femininity, feminists are attempting to bring awareness of the misogynistic ways of rap music and attempting to hold the young and old males accountable for their sexism and all of their behaviors that support and condone male violence against women. Rap music or also referred to as gangsta rap plays a huge role in the antifeminist rage currently going on in our society. Rappers are one of the main contributors of labor in the plantation of misogyny and sexism to produce rap, and in turn they gain support from white supremacists capitalist approve the violence and reward them for their oppression of women.  Weitzer, Ronald and Charis E. Kubrin. 2009. “Misogyny in Rap Music: A Content Analysis of Prevalence and Meanings” Sagepub, Vol. 12, No. 6, October 2009, Pp. 3-29.             Gender stereotypes are predominately expressed in music, especially in rap music. Within the rap music industry, women are often portrayed as if they are inferior to men, as well as overly sexualized and marginalized. Rap music has been known to be more sexually explicit and graphic compared to genres like heavy metal or rock, where the expression of male dominance was far more understated. Most songs and music videos in the rap industry feature violence against women, or portray them as strippers and prostitutes with a bunch of baby daddy’s. Weitzer and Kubrin emphasize the idea that popular genres of music like rap, can be used as a means for heterosexual male interests, those interest being the progression over women and gays, but more prominently for the recuperation of hegemonic masculinity. In other words, rap music can be portrayed as a key contribution to a larger ideological process of convincing society that heterosexual male supremacy is natural and normal. Thus, providing justification for violent and dehumanizing acts against women by males.  Herd, Denise. 2015. “Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: A Systematic Review” Sexuality & Culture, (19): 577-589.
 * Annotated Bib:
 * Works Cited  Adams, Terri M., and Douglas B. Fuller. 2006. “The Words Have Changed But The Ideology Remains The Same: Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36. No. 6, July 2006, Pp. 938-957.             Misogyny can be defined as the hatred or disdain of women, which happens to be a common theme in rap music. This is the ideology used to reduce women to something lower than they are, for men to feel ownership over them. In the genre of rap music, women (especially African American women) are reduced to objects with their sole purpose being to provide sex and to be abused and being referred to as a burden to men. Adams and Fuller state that there are six themes that are considered to be misogynistic rap. The first being pejorative statements about women relative to sex; second is statements linking vicious actions towards women, also in relation to sex; third involving references of women causing problems for men; the fourth being the characterization of women as “users” of men; the fifth theme involves references of women being less than men; and sixth theme referencing towards the thought that women are usable and discardable beings. These themes represent the concept of misogynistic rap reducing women and portraying them as subjects not worthy of respect.  Hooks, Bell. 1994. “Outlaw Culture Resisting Representations: Gangsta Culture – Sexism, Misogyny” Routledge,  Pp. 115-123.             Our society is filled with sexist, misogynist, and individuals with patriarchal ways of thinking and rap music only helps to fuel the thoughts of those individuals. Rap music happens to be one of the most crude and brutal forms of the expression of sexism and misogyny, allowing for the portrayal of male deviance as the dominant culture. With the new wave of femininity, feminists are attempting to bring awareness of the misogynistic ways of rap music and attempting to hold the young and old males accountable for their sexism and all of their behaviors that support and condone male violence against women. Rap music or also referred to as gangsta rap plays a huge role in the antifeminist rage currently going on in our society. Rappers are one of the main contributors of labor in the plantation of misogyny and sexism to produce rap, and in turn they gain support from white supremacists capitalist approve the violence and reward them for their oppression of women.  Weitzer, Ronald and Charis E. Kubrin. 2009. “Misogyny in Rap Music: A Content Analysis of Prevalence and Meanings” Sagepub, Vol. 12, No. 6, October 2009, Pp. 3-29.             Gender stereotypes are predominately expressed in music, especially in rap music. Within the rap music industry, women are often portrayed as if they are inferior to men, as well as overly sexualized and marginalized. Rap music has been known to be more sexually explicit and graphic compared to genres like heavy metal or rock, where the expression of male dominance was far more understated. Most songs and music videos in the rap industry feature violence against women, or portray them as strippers and prostitutes with a bunch of baby daddy’s. Weitzer and Kubrin emphasize the idea that popular genres of music like rap, can be used as a means for heterosexual male interests, those interest being the progression over women and gays, but more prominently for the recuperation of hegemonic masculinity. In other words, rap music can be portrayed as a key contribution to a larger ideological process of convincing society that heterosexual male supremacy is natural and normal. Thus, providing justification for violent and dehumanizing acts against women by males.  Herd, Denise. 2015. “Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: A Systematic Review” Sexuality & Culture, (19): 577-589.