User:Cph-theory

Definition of Singularity due to Newton's Second Law Counteracting Gravity

Abstract With several issues being raised in the late twentieth century, modern physics was challenged and while quantum mechanics and relativity did not have the ability to respond and resolve issues also they cannot do it todays. Despite such problems, physicists are trying to find an appropriate and convincing response only on the scope of quantum physics and relativity and in this respect need to pay attention to the classical mechanics. Series of failures exist in some categories of these theories, that prior to their use, they should be clarified and resolved. Regarding on review of Newton's second law in this paper, we have been attempted to enter to the sub-quantum space by crossing the border of quantum mechanics then to survey of counteracting Newton's second law and the universal gravitation law and finally we can be analyzed and investigated the results. In sub-quantum space, we passed across the black hole and reach the formation of the absolute black hole (a new term that has been presented for the first time in astrophysics by the authors) by specifying the limits of Newton's second law and gravitation law, then the singularity will be explained in the explosion of an absolute black hole. In this review we will be forced to change their attitude towards the singularity and the general conclusion in the singularity state is: volume will not be zero, density will be limited, the time is not a physical quantity (absolute or relative) and a human as an observer (who is not neutral) has invented the time just for using it to the explain the ticking clock. We use the time just for the clock ticking and in different physical situations we can only examine the working of the clocks or compare them to each other.

Keywords sub-quantum space-time, sub-quantum energy, sub-quantum divergence, sub-quantum convergence, absolute black hole, singularity.

New Discoveries and the Necessity of Reconsidering the Perspectives on Newton's Second Law

Abstract

According to the mainstream physicists the observation and record of the motion of neutrinos at ultra relativistic speeds apparently seem to violate relativity postulate and to violate the speed of light as a universal constant. The Einstein mass-energy equation E=mc2, the relativistic mass, relativistic form of Newton�s second law, the fundamental principles and equations of modern physics by generalizing this anomaly will be challenged. Some other observations and results make possible the speeds higher than speed of light which is not rather incredible and it will not be impossible; it only requires a change in today�s attitudes towards relativity and quantum mechanics. Thus this paper, from a new approach, turns out to merge the fundamental principles of quantum physics, relativity and classical mechanics through a new definition of quiescent state of particles like photon, and attempts to present the reasons and the possibilities of the existence of the superluminal speeds. At the beginning of the 20th century, Newton�s second law was corrected considering the limit speed c and the relativistic mass. At that time there has not been a clear understanding of the subatomic particles and basically there was little research in high energy physics, if we ignore the zero rest mass of photon, much better and more real physical phenomena may be investigated.The speed of the created particles is a function of the internal interaction and the mechanism of creation of subatomic particles, and the external forces that are exerted on them.

Sub quantum space and interactions properties from photon structure to fermions and bosons

Abstract

This article is based on a concept; "During the conversion of energy into mass, the interaction properties between the Sub Quantum Energies (SQEs) are transferred from photon to fermions and bosons". We have accepted that nature of gravity is quantized, but according to the behavior of photons in the gravitational field, we provide a new definition of gravitons. Then we explain the relationship between gravity and electromagnetic energy. According to the experimental observations, we generalize the Maxwell equations of electromagnetism to the gravitational field. We use the pair production and decay to show that a charged particle acts like a generator, the generator input and output are gravitons and virtual photon. The negative charged particle produces positive virtual photon and positive charged particle produces negative virtual photon. A negative and a positive virtual photon combine with each other in the vicinity of a charged particle and cause the charged particle to accelerate. Although this approach to Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is presented, it has some differences. The mechanism of negative and positive virtual photons interaction is easier and more realistic than exchange particles of QFT, and it also has no ambiguities of QFT. After all, we explain the real photon and its structure by using the virtual photons. Regarding the equivalence of mass-energy and the photon structure, structure of matter was explained. Then we will explain the relationship between speed and spontaneous symmetry breaking, when the particles linear speed is reduced, physical symmetry, one after the other is broken spontaneously.

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Reconsidering relativistic Newton's second law and its results

In this paper three things are done.

1-       There are some unanswered questions or complex concepts in modern physics. In general, these issues are divided into two categories:

A: The questions that modern physics does not have answers for, and the physicists believe that it is due to the inability of theories.

B - Complex concepts that seem unrealistic, but physicists have admitted they do not know the problems of modern physics.

2 - There are concepts and equations in physics (classical mechanics, relativity and quantum mechanics) that we can use to reach an understanding that is able to be experienced and by which we can review relativistic Newton's second law.

3 - Using the revised relativistic Newton's second law, we can make it easier to express complex concepts in modern physics and respond to many unanswered questions in modern physics.

Reconsidering the relativistic Newton's second law is a powerful tool that deepens our understanding of space-time and can be an important step in understanding the nature of interactions and unifying them easier.

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Reviewing Friedmann Equation and Inflation Theory by Sub Quantum Energy

Abstract:

Our interpretation and understanding of the universe is dependent on the accepted theories. When a theory reaches unanswered questions, it will need to develop, like the Big Bang theory that developed by inflation. In recent years, important aspects of inflationary cosmology have been borne out empirically. But the fields responsible for inflation cannot be Standard Model ones. Also the big bang cannot be described using any known equations of physics until 10-6 seconds had elapsed. In this paper three things are done. 1-       According to reconsidering relativistic Newton's second law, the Big Bang is explained. 2-       Regarding the sub quantum energy, the Friedmann equation is reviewed. Using the sub quantum energy form of Friedmann equation, the inflationary Big Bang theory is reviewed.

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