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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the second largest state in the Arab world, with a reported population of 33,091,113 as of July 2018. A significant percentage of the nation’s inhabitants are immigrants seeking economic opportunity, making up 37% of the total Saudi population. Historically, the population of Saudi Arabia followed a nomadic lifestyle. Following the discovery of oil in the 1930's, the Kingdom became far more settled as people moved to centers of high economic activity. Significant population growth can be seen in the rise of urbanization throughout Saudi Arabia, which has grown 2 percent in the past ten years. The largest Saudi cities have become flooded with new residents as more people move to urban cities to find better employment opportunities, and overcrowding has become a major issue across the nation.

Population
As of July 2018 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is estimated to have a population of 33,091,113.

Structure
The following data has been retrieved from the CIA World Facebook as of 2018.

Population Distribution:
0-14 years: 25.74%

15-24 years: 15.58%

25-54 years: 49.88%

55-64 years: 5.48%

65 years and over: 3.32%

Sex Ratios:
The following data has been retrieved from the CIA World Facebook as of 2017.

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (male 4,348,227 /female 4,170,944)

15-24 years: 1.15 male(s)/female (male 4,348,227 /female 4,170,944)

25-54 years: 1.31 male(s)/female (male 4,348,227 /female 4,170,944)

55-64 years: 1.21 male(s)/female (male 4,348,227 /female 4,170,944)

65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female

(male 4,348,227 /female 4,170,944)

According to the CIA World Factbook as of 2016, the population of Saudi Arabia has a large young population ages 0-19 years and an increasing middle-age population ages 20-35 years. With a growing population reaching adulthood, global economists and the Saudi government have become concerned that there are more Saudis seeking jobs than are available. The nation has also seen a rise in the its older population as life expectancy has risen throughout the last 40 years.

Life Expectancy At Birth
The following data has been retrieved from the CIA World Facebook as of 2018.

total population: 75.7 years

male: 74.2 years

female: 77.3 years

Vital Statistics

 * Birth rate: 15.6 births/1,000 population
 * Death rate: 3.3 deaths/1,000 population
 * Maternal mortality rate: 12 deaths/100,000 live births
 * Infant mortality rate:
 * male: 13 deaths/1,000 live births
 * female: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
 * Total fertility rate: 2.04 children born/woman

Growth
Population Growth Rate: 1.63%

Saudi Arabia is ranked 111th in comparison to the world with a birth rate of 15.6 births per 1,000 people according to the CIA World Factbook in 2018. The nation's death rate is raked 220th worldwide with 3.3 deaths per 1,000 people. Although birth rates have decreased in the last two decades, rates of decline fail to match the significant decline in death rates. Because of this, Saudi Arabia has experienced a population explosion in the last 40 years, and continues to grow at a rate of 1.63% per year. Saudi Arabia’s population growth continues to be 0.295% higher than population growth rates in the Middle East and North Africa. Infant mortality rates have declined dramatically in the past twenty years from 25.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1995 to 6.3 deaths in 2017, according to the World Bank. Saudi Arabia has a substantially lower infant mortality rate in comparison to the Middle East and North Africa region, which continues to face a high of 19.3 deaths for every 1,000 live births as of 2017. This significant reduction can be attributed to rising access to modern healthcare across the country, ranking 26th worldwide for healthcare system quality. The construction of new hospitals and primary healthcare centers across the Kingdom, as well as healthcare during pregnancy and increased use of vaccinations account for a decline in infant mortality and increased life expectancy.

Migration
Migration is a significant part of Saudi Arabia’s society and culture, as the nation’s thriving oil economy attracts large numbers of foreign workers from an assortment of countries throughout Asia and the Arab world. Following economic diversification in response to the oil boom of the 1970’s, the Saudi government encouraged skilled and semi-skilled workers to enter the Kingdom as the demand for infrastructure and development intensified. Saudi Arabia is among the top five immigrant destination countries around the world, currently hosting 5.3 million international migrants in its borders. In 2017 non-native residents accounted for 37% of the Kingdom’s total population, more than twice that of the United States whose immigrants make up 15% of the nation’s total population. The majority of Saudi Arabia’s foreign born population are males between the ages of 25 and 45. These immigrants make up a larger percentage of the total population in this age group compared to native-born Saudis ages 25-45, according to the United Nations 2013 report. 26.3% of the total migrant population in Saudi Arabia are from India, followed by Pakistan (19.6%), Bangladesh (19.5%), Egypt (19.3%), and finally the Philippines (15.3%). Most immigrants of the Kingdom are skilled, unskilled, and service industry foreign workers. Although the living and working conditions immigrant workers are harsh in Saudi Arabia, economic opportunity tends to be much greater than in their homelands.