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Argentina became a member country of the world Bank group in 1956, 10 years after the inception of the banking group. The country's first projects began 5 years later in 1961, focusing primarily on infrastructure development projects. Between 1961 and 1979, all projects funded by the World Bank to Argentina focused on developing the nation's roads, highways, and agricultural production. In the 1980s, the World Bank began to diversify its projects in Argentina, funding industrial credit program, coal and oil refineries, banking loans and public sector development credits.

In the 1990s, the World Bank expanded its global mission to include programs aimed at good governance (which it measures with six indicators ). It asserted that governance is "the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development ". In 1983, Argentina underwent a regime change from a military dictatorship to a democracy after the election of Raul Alfonsin, and experienced issues with corruption and mismanagement throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The World Bank expanded projects in Argentina over the 1990s to include judicial reform, tax reform, and general public sector reform in efforts to improve Argentina's good governance indicators.

As of 2019, The World Bank group has committed US$ 7.7 billion to 26 active projects. The World Bank states that its investment goals in Argentina are developing health, environment, education, infrastructure, labor market and social protection. Beginning in the 1980s, Argentina has been one of the largest recipients of World Bank financial support, generally falling in the top 10 credit receiving countries.