User:CrustyCaverns/J-Alert (JP)

The National Instant Warning System is a civil defense system in Japan that uses communication satellites and cable broadcast telephone to transmit emergency information to residents instantly. It is commonly referred to as J-ALERT.

Overview
J-ALERT provides information necessary for civil defense in the event of large-scale disasters such as tsunamis, armed attack situations, armed attack situations or existential crisis situations under the Law Concerning the Maintenance of Peace and Independence of Japan and Security of the Nation and its People in Armed Attacks, etc., by using communications satellite (Superbird B3) to instantly transmit information necessary for civil defense to local governments, and automatically activate the wireline telephones through sirens and broadcasts. J-ALERT utilizes television broadcasts, sirens, and push notifications to communicate to residents.

J-ALERT is designed to support the National Protection system based on the guidelines set forth by the National Protection Laws. In particular, in the event of a ballistic missile attack or an attack by special forces, or other time-sensitive events, the Civil Defense siren is blown to quickly alert civilians, and as many people outside as possible are asked to take shelter or evacuate the area. The status of the siren can be viewed by anyone via the National Protection Portal website, operated by the Cabinet Secretariat.

Since 2004, the Fire and Disaster Management Agency has been developing and maintaining the site, and after a demonstration experiment, some local governments began operating the site on February 9, 2007. Initially, the organizations that could receive J-ALERT were limited to local governments, but since January 6, 2009, it has been expanded to designated administrative organizations, designated local administrative organizations, designated public organizations, etc., and can also be received by ministries, public organizations, mass media, public schools and hospitals, etc..

Meaning of "J"
Although the government and Cabinet Secretariat both use the name "J-Alert", the J's meaning is undetermined. According to the Encyclopedia of Japan published by Shogakukan, the J stands for Japan.

Flow of information dissemination
The general flow of information from the occurrence of an emergency situation until the information is communicated to the residents is as follows.
 * Occurrence of an emergency situation and its awareness

After the occurrence of an emergency situation such as a tsunami or armed attack, the Japan Meteorological Agency will first become aware of weather-related information, and the Cabinet Secretariat will first become aware of information related to national protection such as armed attack. Information on ballistic missiles is transmitted to the Cabinet Secretariat by the Automatic Warning and Control Organization of the Air Self-Defense Force or the Space Joint Functional Component/North American Aerospace Defense Command of the United States Strategic Command.
 * Information is communicated to the [[Fire and Disaster Management Agency
 * JMA or the Cabinet Secretariat will inform the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of any emergency situation they become aware of.

Information transmission to local governments The Fire and Disaster Management Agency distributes emergency information to local governments throughout Japan via communication satellites (Superbird B3).
 * Information transmission to residents
 * Local governments receive emergency information from the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. The disaster prevention administrative radio, cable telephone, and emergency announcement FM radio are automatically activated in the cities, towns, and villages, and the information is transmitted to residents through siren blasts and voice broadcasts. Basically, residents are instructed to protect themselves by evacuating to shelter or higher ground.

Television and radio stations will interject the information into ongoing programs. While Earthquake Early Warnings have a message on the broadcast screen, J-Alerts switch the screen itself.

Information to be communicated
thumb|200px|tsunami thumb|200px|volcanic eruption thumb|200px|ballistic missile thumbnail|200x200 pixels|warning message sent on August 29, 2017 North Korea launches missile over Japan

Information transmitted by J-ALERT is broadly classified into weather-related information prepared by the Japan Meteorological Agency and contingency-related information prepared by the Cabinet Secretariat; as of October 2016, 24 types of information have been transmitted (National Instantaneous Warning System Operation Regulations, Article 4 ). Municipalities are allowed to decide which information to automatically activate the disaster prevention administrative radio for, Large Tsunami Warning, Tsunami Warning, Special Warnings for Weather, etc.], [[eruption warning, [[emergency

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