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Guang gun ( Chinese: 光棍) ("Bare Branches")
A popular term used to describe single individuals in Chinese culture, as well as other cultures like Taiwanese culture. This term has been more widely used as means to describe singles, as a single person, 1 person, resembles a bare branch. Like many other cultures, male offspring are more desired than female offspring. When sex-selective abortions and prenatal sex determination became available in the 1980s, the number of male births soared. Under this is a list of sources, articles and journal pieces that I will use to further explore the term and phenomenon.

Pity China's 'bare branches' unmarried men stuck between tradition and capitalism
 * 1) Article title:
 * 1) Article title:
 * Article Evaluation:
 * I view this article as an introductory article to the topic/ subject of Bare Branches. Although it seems to have been written by someone of Chinese descent, the article has been composed in a neutral tone. This article explores multiple reasons for the surplus of Chinese men including the creation of the one child policy, and the availability of 'gender selective abortion'. It also brings about the worries of the Chinese state, in regards to the excess of men, and its reactions to such worries. Something I had never read before was the idea that large amounts of single men can lead to threats in public security and social stability.
 * Sources:
 * https://theconversation.com/pity-chinas-bare-branches-unmarried-men-stuck-between-tradition-and-capitalism-68592
 * http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2016-03/07/content_23769165.htm
 * https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1081602X.2011.640544
 * 2) Article title:
 * Bride price in China, the obstacle to 'Bare Branches' seeking marriage
 * Article Evaluation:
 * Starts a tad similarly to the previous article in the sense that it also gives an introduction on the idea of the Bare Branches. This article focuses on the tradition of the dowry, termed 'bride prices'. It notices the fluctuation of these 'bride prices' in the last half century, noticeably in rural areas of Mainland China. The article is broken down into categories such as; reasons for changes in bride price, vicious cycles that keep poor men poor, as well as the different ways in which these single men and their families earn the funds to pay the bride price. This article is of much value as it uses many notable sources. Some of the pulled-upon sources are not only based on cases in China, rather other cases in overpopulated and with longstanding marriage traditions such as India.
 * Sources:
 * https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1081602X.2011.640544?scroll=top&needAccess=true
 * Sources:
 * https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1081602X.2011.640544?scroll=top&needAccess=true
 * https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1081602X.2011.640544?scroll=top&needAccess=true

'''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-0106.12349?casa_token=LqU6mrIuf2QAAAAA%3AODVfkGYGcRa5OIlCad_hCWecCGUeNH7GeGydU6EoiqvXOgUbYTldnG6mfkHBh5MD6_b0-spXVdYihd5TQA Dong Z, Alhaj-Yaseen Y, Jiao Y, Zhong Y. Surplus men and scarce women: The impact of mating competition on the desire for sons in China. Pac Econ Rev. 2020;1–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12349]'''


 * 3) Article title:
 * Abnormal sex ratios in human populationsCauses and consequences
 * Article Evaluation:
 * Just as there title of this article states, it focuses on the causes and consequences of an unbalanced sex ratio (the total number of males for every 100 females). It brings upon the fact that without the tampering of people (sex-selective abortions) the Sex Ratio should be fairly consistent in all parts of the world. Many articles on this same subject have often linked the abnormal Sex ratios to the tradition preferences of Chinese families for having sons, this article further explores this habit and the consequences of its perpetuation. A notable consequence is that of numerous missing females and unrecorded births. Although it predominantly discusses the situation in Mainland China, the article also draws upon laws imposed on South Korea in the 90s, after the government noticed a shift the in the Sex Ratio.
 * Sources:
 * https://www.pnas.org/content/103/36/13271
 * Just as there title of this article states, it focuses on the causes and consequences of an unbalanced sex ratio (the total number of males for every 100 females). It brings upon the fact that without the tampering of people (sex-selective abortions) the Sex Ratio should be fairly consistent in all parts of the world. Many articles on this same subject have often linked the abnormal Sex ratios to the tradition preferences of Chinese families for having sons, this article further explores this habit and the consequences of its perpetuation. A notable consequence is that of numerous missing females and unrecorded births. Although it predominantly discusses the situation in Mainland China, the article also draws upon laws imposed on South Korea in the 90s, after the government noticed a shift the in the Sex Ratio.
 * Sources:
 * https://www.pnas.org/content/103/36/13271
 * https://www.pnas.org/content/103/36/13271