User:Csarrow/sandbox

. June

Articles
 * Deaf Culture
 * The Northwest Rebellion
 * Roy Harper (comics)

Other sources
 * Beal, Bob, and Rob Mcleoud. "North-west Rebellion " The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Canadian Encyclopedia. jun 2, 2008.WEB. Sept 24, 2014
 * Carbin, Clifton F, and Dorothy L.Smith. "Deaf Culture" The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Canadian Encyclopedia. Dec 16, 2013. Web. sept 26,2014.
 * Wallace, Daniel. "Arsenal." The DC Comics Encyclopedia: the definitive guide to the characters of the DC Universe. London ; DK publishing, 2006, Print.

Citations


 * "Deaf Culture." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. Sept, 2014.
 * "Roy Harper (comics)." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Sep. 2014. Web. 24 Sep. 2014
 * "The Northwest Rebellion." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopoedia. Web. sept 23, 2014

Research process and notes on the articles

When I first heard about this project, I immediately had an Idea of what two of my topics would be.Of these, only the North-west Rebellion has remained unchanged.

I chose to do the North-west Rebellion because It would be a reference to the fact that I was a History/English medial at Queen's. While there, I specialized in Canadian history and took a Canada at War seminar. During the seminar,I found out that I was more interested in the early conflicts, up to World War 1. Not only did the North-west rebellion fit the bill, but Francophones, like me, tended to sympathize with the Metis at the time.

When I first heard about the project, I was in a CSI: Crime Scene Investigation phase, so I wanted to do something about that. However, I doubted that other encyclopedias would have much on the show or the characters, so I decided to do a topic I associate with the show, American Sign Language. This subject, which also interests me in and of itself, has a connection to the show because some episodes have focused on the Deaf community, and one of the characters can sign. The problem was that when I consulted other encyclopedias, I either drew a blank or found articles that talked about sign languages in a general way. However, when I looked up 'Deaf Culture' I found an entry on the subject in the Canadian Encyclopedia, and one on the National Theater for the Deaf in Britannica Online. when I tried the latter on Wikipedia, I came up with a stub, so I went with Deaf culture.

The third topic was harder to find. At first I thought I would go with a topic related to mental health, but then I thought I might do something related to pop culture, like a comic book character or a TV show. Eventually I thought I would compromise by doing the TV show Perception, but drew a blank with the other encyclopedias I consulted. However,I remembered that one of the actors, Eric McCormack, was Canadian, and I found an entry about him in the Canadian Encyclopedia. At around the same time, being a Green Arrow fan, I considered doing one of the characters from the comic. However, most of the entries about the characters in The DC Encyclopedia were rather brief, except where the major dramtis personae were concerned. It seemed too obvious to do the Arrows or Black Canary, so I went with Roy Harper, also known as Arsenal.

Except for the one about the North-west Rebellion, I found that the entries in Wikipedia were more thorough and up to date. For example, the entry on Roy Harper/Arsenal in The DC Encyclopedia stops when he joins the Outsiders. It does not include his tenure as Red Arrow, the events of Blackest Night, or his New 52 incarnation. It also mention events unrelated to his heroic career, like his heroin addiction and his daughter, only briefly. In the case of Deaf culture, the Wikipedia entry touches on several aspects of it, while the Canadian Encyclopedia entry, as well as being Canada centered, focuses more on the historical, 'linguistic', and legal aspects.

 Part Two

Summaries

The Wikipedia article on deaf culture is more expansive and more modern, by which I mean it has content a 21st century Deaf person can relate to, such as the Use of technology in the community. The article also has a slight U.S bias as the article only mentions institutions located there. However it also says that deaf culture is extremely diverse and that there are as many variations of Deaf culture as there are kinds of Sign Language. The first couple of sections of the article deal with how the culture is spread, including the noteworthy facts that hearing people can be seen as members of the Deaf community, and the fact that the identity is often introduced by one's peer group. It also touches on beliefs and values of the community, Social attitudes, such as a Deaf person's tendency to arrive early to events or to be blunt, as well as their attitude towards technology. The next section touches on culture in the form of literature and the arts, mostly saying that Deaf culture is a storytelling culture. It also introduces the fact that the deaf have struggled to get their children educated in Sign Language. There is also a section on the history of the deaf, with another more detailed article. Next is a section on some groups that cross over, including Deaf women's groups and Deaf LGBT groups, as well as the rise and decline of organizations known as deaf clubs. The article end with some really technical stuff about terminology.

The Canadian Encyclopedia's article is much shorter and has a different focus. It also does not seem as current. There is a section titled 'Recent developments in Deaf education', but no dates are mentioned. The section itself is mostly about adaptive technology and mainstreaming deaf children into normal schools. The first two sections, which include the "Recent development" section, focus on education, with the first tracking the appearance of schools for the deaf, province by province. The third section briefly touches on various Deaf organizations. Meanwhile the fourth focuses on sign languages, specifically the emergence of ASL and LSQ, as well as the struggle to get their children educated in institutions that use sign, as opposed to an 'oralist' approach. The next sections focus on deaf righta as well as some noteworthy deaf Canadians, such as Henry Vlug, the first deaf Canadian to be called to the bar, and Jo-Anne M. Robinson, a deaf athlete, specifically a swimmer.

 Compare and contrast

As stated previously, the general content of the two articles is very different, with the Wikipedia article being more focused on social aspects of the culture, such as deaf clubs and the arts. The article also covers how members of the Deaf community see themselves, as well as having a section on the deaf and technology, which mentions such things as social media and video chat, as well as older forms of deaf - friendly technology, such as TTY ( teletype machines ) and closed captioning. It also shows how Deaf groups intersect with other minorities, such as women and LGBT groups. The article also briefly mentions other kinds of Deaf culture to be found around the world, despite its slight U.S. bias. As well, the article is almost written like a piece of social history, which is a type of history that focuses on day-to-day events that happen to average people,and would include culture in the form of arts and literature

The Canadian Encyclopedia's article, on the other hand,as well as having a definite Canadian bias, focuses more on traditional history topics like law and education, the latter of which it has in common with its Wikipedia counterpart, which also mentions educational facilities for the deaf. However, unlike its counterpart, The Canadian Encyclopedia's article seems dated, especially because the only forms of technology mentioned here are various kinds of adaptive technology used to integrate deaf people into hearing environments like universities. Another difference is that the Canadian Encyclopedia's article makes it sound like only deaf people are part of Deaf culture, when actually, as stated in the Wikipedia version, some hearing people, like interpreters and hearing family members can be considered a part of it. that article's section about Deaf organizations is also rather brief, being only about a paragraph long. However, unlike the Wikipedia one, which is rather brief in both departments,This one has a long section on language, featuring the evolution of ASL and LSQ, which stands for langue des Signes Quebecoise, and is the sign language used by francophones. It also relates the deaf community's struggle to have its children educated in institutions that use sign to some degree. It also features a section on the history of the deaf, which is mostly related via the appearances of schools for the deaf, the first of which was in Quebec. Eventually, most provinces had at least one school for the deaf, some of which have closed down. Also, perhaps because, as is stated, "little was known about Canadian Deaf Culture until researchers from within the culture itself" began doing careful analyses, the introductory paragraph was very brief.

Another difference is that while both articles have links to others embedded in the body of the article, the Wikipedia one links to two that are more relevant to the content of the article, namely a more detailed article on Deaf history, and on the Deaf and the arts,which tie in quite well. However, the article in the Canadian encyclopedia's only link is to an article about hearing loss. While this is somewhat appropriate, this article would be more relevant if it were linked to an article about deafness with a small d. Yet another difference, this time a positive one, is that the Canadian encyclopedia include a section on notable deaf Canadians, which is rather interesting and has no equivalent in the Wikipedia article, whose only deaf person of note was Jean-Louis Clerc,who founded deaf schools in the U.S.. Perhaps this is because the article is more general in nature.

 Sources 

The references in the Wikipedia article are mostly web articles and scholarly works. Most of these, especially the former, are about shared institutions, mainly church and LGBT groups. There is also some academic work, as well as a number of books that address the subject of Deaf Culture in a general way. One of these books is written by Paddy Ladd, who is an important person in the Deaf Community in the U.K.. Another book called "Reading Between the Sign :Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters" is written by Anna Mindess, who is referred to and quoted in the article itself. The list of references is very thorough, seeing as there is a section on all of the aspects of Deaf culture covered in this article. As for current, I cannot be sure because most of the entries in the reference list are dateless, but those that do have dates are from 2013, so they must be relatively current. I have seen some of the the websites, which do not look like much, but if the Subject coverage is that extensive, the reference list will definitely be pretty thorough. There is no section for the contributors, but there is is a " Further Reading " section which mostly contains books about the culture in general published in the 1990s ( the most recent one I found was published in 2005), and a Deaf Gay and Lesbian reader that looked out of place.

The Canadian encyclopedia's article on the other hand ,is quite different. For one thing, the only resource mentioned in that section is a book called " Deaf Heritage in Canada : A Distinctive,diverse and endearing culture", which was published in 1996. Since the book is written by the same man who wrote most of the the article and is very thorough, I understand why it is there, but it makes it look like there has been no Canadian scholarly works on the subject since then, which I find hard to believe. the only other source mentioned in the whole article is the website for the Canadian Hearing Association. Unfortunately, apart from offering Sign language classes, the website seems to cater more to the deaf than to the Deaf. In other words, to those who are losing - or will lose- their hearing rather than those in the community. As a result, the website seems out of place with this article. A link to the Canadian Hearing Association's website would be more appropriate on an article about hearing loss. Another thing I have noticed about this article is that Unlike in the Wikipedia one, the contributors, or rather, authors are named. In this case, they are Clinton F. Carbin, the same man who wrote the book, and Dorothy L. Smith, who edited it. It is very likely that the article is based on the data from the book. Because of this, I am forced to conclude that though the information contained is thorough, it is not exactly current or relevant.

 Assessment  It seems to me that, while both articles contain good information, only the Wikipedia one is about Deaf Culture proper. Of the two, it is the only one to extensively refer to thing such as the arts and how the deaf can appreciate them as well as how the Deaf get together, either in person or online. It also explored how the world of the Deaf Community intersects with those of other minorities. In short the Wikipedia Article has a more human focus than the other. By human focus, I mean that the article lays more emphasis on aspects of the culture that have to do with the people affected by Deaf culture. For example, it mentions the fact that "There are many distinct deaf communities around the world, which communicate using different sign languages and exhibit different cultural norms." and the groupings that come out of this are extremely diverse. The Wikipedia article also mentions some social norms to use with the deaf as well as some social characteristics of the Deaf, something its Canadian counterpart doesn't have. Another thing that the Canadian counterpart doesn't have is any references to the use of technology outside of a school context.There is also more room given to the social aspect, such as it is, of being Deaf. An example of this is the defunct institution known as the deaf club, where Deaf people would get together and socialize, especially during the 1940s and 1950s. These establishments " provided a place that deaf people could go to be around other deaf people, sometimes sharing stories, hosting parties, comedians, and plays". However they fell into decline during the 1960s when adaptive technology gave the deaf more entertainment options

There is no controversy,inaccuracy,or needs improvement banner in the Wikipedia entry itself, however the subject is said to be controversial on its Talk Page. the main controversy about it is whether or not Deaf culture is a real culture as apposed to some kind of Subculture, the medical versus the social and cultural models of deafness, and the ever -so- controversial cochlear implants and weather or not they prevent deaf people from Taking part in Deaf culture. The cochlear implant and Culture vs. subculture issues in particular made for a long debate, which was settles by two contributors who participate in Deaf culture as Sign Language interpreters. The Contributor's names are Christine and Sculleywr, and there is also an anonymous contributor with the same background. Apart from these, most of the content o the talk page was about having to remove things, mostly resources in different languages.

The Canadian Encyclopedia's entry, despite the title, is not aligned with the traditional sense of the word 'Culture' for the most part. In fact, a better title for the Entry would be "History of the Deaf in Canada", given its content. Indeed, the only things related to the traditional sense of culture in that article are a single paragraph about Deaf Associations, which mostly describes sports associations, and a lengthy section about sign languages, only one paragraph of which is actually devoted to the subject.The other two are about the struggle of the Deaf to educate their Children in Sign as opposed to the use of lip reading and other 'oralist' methods. Otherwise, the article mostly consists of a detailed chronology of schools for the deaf in Canada, the first of which appeared in Quebec in 1831. Apart from the aforementioned, slightly more culturally inclined sections, there is a section on technology's role in Deaf education,which could be expanded to the role of Technology in general, a Section on deaf rights, and a section about famous deaf people who have contributed to Canada, Something that it would have been cool to see an equivalent of in the Wikipedia article. There is also an element here that would Rankle any Deaf person who reads this article. This is the fact that it is linked to an article about hearing loss. Since "Deafness is not generally considered a condition that needs to be fixed" by people in the culture, this would be seen as offensive3. Despite this, I find that the two articles complement each other. Though the Canadian encyclopedia' entry may not exactly fit under culture, it gives us a solid overview of Deaf History and Deaf rights. Meanwhile the Wikipedia article has the best information on more recent, non-scholarly deaf culture and the social aspects of it. Taken together, they provide a comprehensive, if provincialistic, in the case of the former, view of the deaf in North America.

See Also

" About American Deaf Culture"  Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center Gallaudet University.n.d. Web. Nov9,20014

Avon, A. "Watching Films, Learning Language, Experiencing Culture: An Account Of Deaf Culture Through History And Popular Films." Journal Of Popular Culture 39.2 (2006): 185-204. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014

Carbin,Clinton F.  Deaf Heritage in Canada:A Distinctive,Diverse,and endearing Culture ed. Dorothy L.Smith. Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 1996. Print.

Carlson,Hannah.I Have a Friend who is Deaf Madison: Brick Publishing House.1995.Print

Hamill, Alexis C., and Catherine H. Stein. "Culture And Empowerment In The Deaf Community: An Analysis Of Internet Weblogs." Journal Of Community & Applied Social Psychology 21.5 (2011): 388-406. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.

Lee, Chongmin. "Deafness And Cochlear Implants: A Deaf Scholar’S Perspective." Journal Of Child Neurology 27.6 (2012): 821-823. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014

Mindess,Anna. Reading between the Signs : Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters Yarmouth:Intercultural Press. 1999. Digital File

Pray, Janet L., and I. King Jordan. "The Deaf Community And Culture At A Crossroads: Issues And Challenges." Journal Of Social Work In Disability & Rehabilitation 9.2/3 (2010): 168-193. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.

Richardson, Kathleen J. "DEAF CULTURE: Competencies And Best Practices." Nurse Practitioner 39.5 (2014): 20-29. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.

Sutton-Spence, Rachel, and Donna Jo Napoli. "Deaf Jokes And Sign Language Humor." Humor: International Journal Of Humor Research 25.3 (2012): 311-337. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.