User:Cstoviak/Bullying in nursing

Introduction
The nursing organization workplace has been identified as one in which workplace bullying occurs quite frequently. It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of bullying such as gossipping and intimidation) are relevant. Relational aggression has been studied amongst girls but not so much amongst adult women. According to a finding, 74% of the nurses, 100% of the anesthetists, and 80% of surgical technologists have experienced or witnessed uncivil behaviors like bullying by nursing faculty.Many health care workers have been getting so much violence from their own colleagues. There are many stressors that have been occurring in hospitals nowadays, it's been causing  relationships to have disruptive behavior. Health care workers have been receiving verbal abuse the most from their coworkers, this can range from accusing all the way to ignoring and withholding information. “Verbal abuse has been linked to serious psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, humiliation, stress, loss of confidence and self-esteem, and feelings of powerlessness”(Keller et al. 2018, para. 4). There are physical responses that are caused because of verbal abuse like headaches, sleep disturbances, increased blood pressure, gastrointestinal disturbance, and other illnesses. There is another data perspective from the American Journal of Nursing that says, “675 surveyed nurses, 86% reported witnessing disruptive behavior by a physician. More than one-fifth of the nurses and physicians surveyed said this occurs on a weekly basis. Disruptive behavior by nurses was reported by 72% of the surveyed nurses”(Johnson,  DeMass Martin, & Markle-Elder, 2007, para. 4). Many nurses have stated that they have been verbally abused by a physician that has been so angry that they may be hit. This type of behavior from physicians has ranged from verbal abuse to sexual and physical harassment.

Various bullying permutations are possible, such as:


 * doctor or management bullying a nurse
 * nurse bullying another nurse
 * nurse bullying a patient
 * patient bullying a nurse
 * nurse bullying other healthcare providers

There was a study that was done that showed 25% of registered nurses reporting physical abuse by a patient or their family members while more than 50% of nurses have reported exposure to verbal abuse (Al-Qadi, 2021, p.1). In 2019, there was also a study conducted on the presence of verbal abuse in nursing and this study concluded that 42.9% of nurses were exposed to this. This proves that this is an ongoing concern in the nursing field. As stated before, the statement goes into a more depth explanation of what nurses are dealing with in their everyday work lives. The main problem in the nursing world that is currently trying to be solved is the issue of nurse abuse. Taking care of patients during vulnerable times of their lives can lead to an increase in the risk of workplace violence (Havaei, 2020, p.2). This gives us a reason as to why nurses are dealing with violence at work. Years ago this is not an issue that would have been brought up due to people not talking about it.

There was a lot of research done on healthcare workers and the abuse that they are dealing with at work. Across all of the studies in the different articles, studies were taken on how many nurses are dealing with abuse in their everyday lives. Some of the studies lead to the side effects that the nurses deal with due to workplace violence. All studies were done by professional researchers and the data found was based on nurses. Between the articles the researchers all agree that nurse abuse is an issue that needs to be dealt with, so there is no disagreement.

The following are identified as bullying acts in nursing:   •  undermining of work

• disadvantaging the target

• physical abuse (rare)

• verbal abuse

• isolating individuals

• interfering in work practices

• continual criticism

• sarcasm

• demeaning

• destroying confidence

• fabricating complaints (false accusations)

• setting up to fail

• racial harassment

• psychological harassment

• threatening behavior or actions

• isolating the person

• destroying self-esteem

• biased reporting

• indebting to superior

• taking advantage

• sexual harassment

Causes
According to various studies, possible causes of bullying may include the following:


 * insufficient staff
 * stressful situations
 * unfavorable condition in a patient
 * use of alcohol
 * poor enforcement of policies

Dealing with abuse can lead to professionals not wanting to come to work. Researchers have found out that 13% of missed workdays are because of workplace violence and how it could affect the quality of care that the patients are getting. Another major effect of the abuse is that the nurses are getting very burnt out. Burnout occurs by being mentally exhausted and detached with negative attitudes towards work. It has also been found that 1/3 of the nurses that endure some type of mistreatment end up suffering a physical health consequence.

Article body
'''Abused By Colleagues

Many health care workers have been getting so much violence from their own colleagues. There are many stressors that have been occurring in hospitals nowadays, it's been causing relationships to have disruptive behavior. Health care workers have been receiving verbal abuse the most from their coworkers, this can range from accusing all the way to ignoring and withholding information. “Verbal abuse has been linked to serious psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, humiliation, stress, loss of confidence and self-esteem, and feelings of powerlessness”(Keller et al. 2018, para. 4). There are physical responses that are caused because of verbal abuse like headaches, sleep disturbances, increased blood pressure, gastrointestinal disturbance, and other illnesses. There is another data perspective from the American Journal of Nursing that says, “675 surveyed nurses, 86% reported witnessing disruptive behavior by a physician. More than one-fifth of the nurses and physicians surveyed said this occurs on a weekly basis. Disruptive behavior by nurses was reported by 72% of the surveyed nurses”(Johnson, DeMass Martin, & Markle-Elder, 2007, para. 4). Many nurses have stated that they have been verbally abused by a physician that has been so angry that they may be hit. This type of behavior from physicians has ranged from verbal abuse to sexual and physical harassment.

Bullying of nurses by managers
In 2003 the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association in the UK carried out a survey showing that half of the health visitors, school nurses and community nurses working in the National Health Service (NHS) have been bullied by their managers. One in three of the 563 people questioned said the bullying was so bad they had to take time off work. Constant criticism and humiliation were the most common complaints. Others said they were shouted at or marginalised.

Nurses deal with abuse from their leaders in the workplace as well as their patients. When bullying is allowed in the workplace it can lead to workplace burnout and complications between coworkers.