User:Curious Cat99/sandbox

Pirana, India
Pirana Dump yard is located in the mega city of Ahmedabad. It is where all the types of city's waste is deposited. The Ahmedabad Municipal Cooperation is taking care of all the waste dumped there. Pirana Dumpsite covers 84 acres of land which has been receiving Municipal solid waste for 20 years. It is the biggest dumping ground in the city since 1982 .Every day, Ahmedabad city generates 3,500 metric tonnes of waste .The landfill is characterized by three 75-feet-high massive mounds of garbage, each weighing 69 lakh metric tonnes.

Types of waste dumped
All type of wastes which is solid is collected in the Pirana dump yard.The wastes come from all over Ahmedabad city from hotels to households. From the 3,500 metric tonnes of waste received there is just 950 metric tonnes or less than one third of the total waste, is recycled and the rest of the waste is deposited at Pirana.

Over the years, there has been an significant increase in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Daily MSW collection in AMC has been enhanced. The Major waste is generated from households (57%), followed by 24% from street sweeping, while only (2 %) waste is generated by kitchens of hotels and restaurants.

The waste is collected monthly by AMC. The various sources of generation used are: Door/gate to dump system (including residences, hostels, commercial establishments, offices,institutes, etc.), Street sweeping, Hotels and restaurants’ kitchen waste, Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste. Waste from special markets (including slaughter house, meat / fish / vegetable markets) and also from the Lifting of dead animals.

There are various gases emitted from the waste disposal site. The studies reveal that in India MSW comprises of more than 50% of organic portions such as vegetable, food waste, paper, cloth and other biodegradable components as well. The total Carbon Dioxide released on account of municipal solid waste is in order of 5218119.24 tons/year out of which 22838.88 tons/year in form of transport sector and remaining 5195280.37 tons/year from disposal of waste at dump site of Pirana presently.

The waste dumped in Pirana dumping site is of mixed variety and there is no segregation done except for some valuable materials. There are quantifiable amount of heavy metals found in MSW dumped at Pirana. The analysis of these heavy metals is done by the SGS India Pvt. Ltd., and for the waste samples before the composting is done at Pirana plant. The quantity of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and lead were found in the year 2011. As dumping done there open, these quantities may post a threat to eco system of soil, subsurface of water and ground water over period of time. Methane emissions are also present in the tons of waste. On an average, landfill gas contains 45 to 55 percent of methane. The gas collected can then be sold off to nearby industries as raw fuel.