User:Cyclonebiskit/DorianC

Hurricane Dorian caused widespread damage across Atlantic Canada in early-September 2019.

Background
Located at the northern portion of the north Atlantic hurricane basin, the Canadian Maritimes sees regular impacts from hurricanes or their remnants. On average, two or three such storms impact the country each year. Hurricane landfalls specifically have a three-year return period. Tropical cyclones often dissipate before reaching the region, though some have remained intense and caused extensive damage. Many systems transition into extratropical cyclones before affecting the country or weaken to tropical storm or minimal hurricane strength. Only three Category 2 hurricanes have struck the country since 1853; however, damaging wind events are not limited to higher end storms. Sting jets on the backside of extratropical cyclones can cause extensive impacts. Among the most significant impacts are a hurricane in 1775 that killed as many as 4,000 mariners near Newfoundland, Hurricane Hazel in 1954 which killed 83 people in southern Ontario, and Hurricane Juan in 2003 which inflicted C$200 million in damage and killed 8 people across Nova Scotia. Global warming simulations run in a 2010 study by Paul O’Gormon indicated a possible poleward shift in tropical cyclone tracks, placing Canada at greater risk for impacts from these storms. Rising sea levels have also increased the threat of damaging storm surge, with flooding able to penetrate farther inland.

Hurricane Dorian originated from a tropical wave that departed the west coast of Africa on August 19, 2019. Traveling west across the Atlantic Ocean, the small system acquired organized convection—shower and thunderstorm activity—and coalesced into a tropical depression on August 24 and soon into a tropical storm. The storm traversed the Windward Islands and turned northwest, later striking the Virgin Islands as a hurricane. Over the following days, Dorian intensified and became a Category 5 hurricane before striking the Bahamas on September 1. It caused catastrophic damage in the region, becoming the worst disaster in the country's modern history. Turning north, the hurricane crossed cooler waters and encountered increased wind shear, causing it to weaken. Dorian skirted the Southeastern United States, making a brief landfall in North Carolina on September 6 as it accelerated northeast toward Atlantic Canada. Growing in size due to baroclinic effects, the hurricane transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone before striking central Nova Scotia late on September 7. Although the storm was producing sustained hurricane-force winds, the strongest winds remained over water and did not impact coastal areas. The core of the weakening cyclone soon struck Prince Edward Island and the Magdalen Islands on September 8 as it crossed the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Thereafter, it moved across northern Newfoundland before emerging over the northern Atlantic Ocean. Dorian was subsequently absorbed into a larger extratropical cyclone and dissipated on September 9.

Preparations
On September 3, with Hurricane Dorian near the Southeastern United States, the Canadian Hurricane Center (CHC) advised residents of possible impacts from the storm as it was forecast to impact the Canadian Maritimes. At the time, forecasters were uncertain of the exact track though they noted impacts would be likely in Nova Scotia and could extend as far north as New Brunswick. Emergency officials in the Halifax Regional Municipality began preparations on September 4, activating operation centres and stockpiling supplies. Officials focused on potential large-scale power outages and travel disruptions from downed trees.

Multiple cruise ships had their itineraries disrupted, with cancellations beginning on September 4. The AIDAluna was called to port in St. John's, Newfoundland, while the MS Marco Polo and Silver Wind were diverted to other ports.

September 5:
 * numerous events cancelled
 * Lessons from Hurricane Juan, Nova Scotia Power activates emergency operations center, Construction Association of Nova Scotia warns to secure sites, Halifax Water preps, Exxon Mobil evacuates all personnel from an oil platform near Sable Island NSP enacted extensive precautions "to an unprecedented level", as described by the utility itself. Six-hundred personnel, six times the normal response size, were prepositioned for a quick response.
 * Cruise ships diverted


 * Early on September 5, the CHC began issuing tropical cyclone warnings and watches for coastal provinces, initially focusing on Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. At the greatest extent hurricane warnings were covered most of Nova Scotia and western Newfoundland. Tropical storm warnings encompassed the remainder of Nova Scotia, central Newfoundland, the Magdalen Islands, Prince Edward Island, and the easternmost border of Quebec and Labrador. Advisories gradually ceased by September 8 as the post-tropical remnants of Dorian crossed the Canadian Maritimes and exited over the Atlantic Ocean.  Environment Canada issued storm surge warnings for large parts of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

September 6:
 * Boats returned to port across Nova Scotia, 90% moved to to west side of Cape Sable Island, Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers cancelled in Saint John, New Brunswick, NATO warships visiting Halifax relocated
 * Self evacuation from coastal areas, three shelters opened (Dartmouth, Clayton Park, St. Margaret's Bay), public transit suspended in Halifax Regional Municipality
 * New Brunswick boat preparation
 * New Brunswick preps
 * Quebec
 * Newfoundland

September 7:
 * On September 7, Saint John's emergency management office went to its highest warning level, activating all resources. New Brunswick Power dispatched 69 technicians, 20 tree trimming crews, and 52 contractors for power restoration. Most flights to and from Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport, Fredericton International Airport, and Saint John Airport were cancelled. The Atlantic Balloon Fiesta in Sussex was rescheduled for September 8. Confederation Bridge was shut down at 8:15 p.m. local time.

Dundas Power Lines, originally deployed to Florida to assist with potential power outages from Dorian there, was redirected back to Nova Scotia to assist in power restoration in New Waterford.


 * https://globalnews.ca/news/5861331/hurricane-dorian-prep/
 * https://globalnews.ca/news/5867505/hrm-voluntary-evacuation-coastal-areas/
 * https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/hurricane-dorian-projected-to-hit-with-force-in-parts-of-atlantic-canada
 * https://www.halifaxtoday.ca/local-news/emergency-management-officials-encourage-haligonians-to-prepare-for-dorian-1676280
 * https://www.halifaxtoday.ca/local-news/latest-track-shows-dorian-impacting-ns-at-hurricane-strength-emo-urging-people-to-prepare-1675071
 * https://www.halifaxtoday.ca/local-news/rcmp-ask-nova-scotians-to-avoid-unnecessary-travel-during-dorian-1677592

Impact
The strongest winds associated with Dorian occurred in areas east of the center while the greatest precipitation fell on the western side. All provinces in Atlantic Canada and Quebec saw tropical storm-force wind gusts, with hurricane-force gusts occurring in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. The strongest winds associated with Dorian were relegated offshore and along immediate coastal areas. The highest land-based observation was 157 km/h in Wreckhouse, Newfoundland. Winds in this area were likely enhanced by the local topography. Rainfall exceeding 100 mm fell in areas just west of Dorian's center in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, peaking at 5.43 in in both Oxford and Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia. To the east, little precipitation fell in Newfoundland with observations hardly reaching 20 mm. Wet snow was reported at higher elevations in Labrador. Coastal areas across Nova Scotia and all provinces surrounding the Gulf of Saint Lawrence saw significant storm tides, storm surges, and water inundation, with the highest values occurring in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Tignish, Prince Edward Island, saw the largest storm-tide associated with the cyclone at 17.16 ft, leading to a storm surge of 2 ft. Shediac, New Brunswick, saw the greatest inundation at 4.9 ft. Escuminac, New Brunswick, saw an inundation of 2.9 ft, its highest inundation on record. Along the southern coast of Nova Scotia, Halifax observed a record inundation of 2.66 ft. Other provincial peak storm surges include 4.95 ft in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 4.13 ft in Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, and 4.13 ft in the Magdalen Islands of Quebec.

Throughout eastern Canada, the remnants of Dorian wrought an estimated C$105 million (US$78.9 million) in insured damage: C$62.2 million (US$46.7 million) in Nova Scotia, C$22.5 million (US$16.9 million) in New Brunswick, C$17.5 million (US$13.1 million) in Prince Edward Island, C$2.5 million (US$1.9 million) in Newfoundland and Labrador, and C$300,000 (US$225,000) in Quebec. Seventy-percent of claims were from private property, twenty-percent from commercial, and the remainder from vehicles. Furthermore, uninsured losses exceeded C$11 million (US$8.5 million) in Nova Scotia. Altogether, damage from the cyclone exceeded C$154.9 million (US$115.1 million). This made Dorian the fifth-costliest disaster for Canada in 2019. No fatalities were reported nationwide.

https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/search-results/ctv-atlantic-search-7.104?page=18&sortOrder=date&q=Dorian&fdate=&ftype=&fpage=

Nova Scotia
Approximately 412,000 customers—80 percent of customers—lost power across Nova Scotia, representing the largest power outage in the island's history. The breadth of outages was attributed to the prolonged duration of strong winds across the entire province. Fifty-eight substations and twenty-seven transmission lines saw total loss of electricity. Damage to Nova Scotia Power's electrical infrastructure reached C$38.9 million (US$27.7 million), the costliest on record for the company. This was 100,000 more customers than during Hurricane Juan in 2003 at three-times the cost. A tree trimming program enacted after Hurricane Arthur in 2014 somewhat mitigated the extent of outages.

In Liverpool, the Mersey River rose an estimated 300 ft inland, causing significant damage to coastal infrastructure.

Damage across Cape Breton Island primarily came from strong winds. Several large trees fell onto homes in New Waterford while another downed tree caused the temporary closure of the Sydney-Glace Bay Highway along Highway 125.

Nova Scotia's agriculture suffered extensive losses, especially to the corn crop, with losses exceeding C$10 million. The entirety of the corn crop in Cape Breton was destroyed.

Uninsured damage across the province exceeded C$11 million (US$8.5 million) as of December 19, 2019.

Prince Edward Island
Premier Dennis King called Dorian an "unprecedented situation", with province-wide impacts.


 * https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/search/site/dorian?f%5B0%5D=type%3Anews
 * Tiny bit of info
 * "Hit harder than Juan"

New Brunswick
A estimated 42,200 customers lost power across New Brunswick, primarily in southeastern areas of the province.

Downed trees and property damage were reported at 55 locations in Saint John. Several trees, some estimated to be hundreds of years old, were toppled in King's Square. Flooding and debris prompted the closure of many roads across the city. Several fires were sparked by downed power lines and damaged transformers.

One person was nearly crushed by a tree when it fell on his car in Dieppe; it fell on the passenger side and he was unharmed.

Two beaches along the Northumberland Strait, Murray Beach Provincial Park and Parlee Beach Provincial Park, sustained "devastating" damage. In the former, more than 150 trees were knocked down while the latter saw 5 ft of coastal erosion. Waist-deep seawater inundated parts of Pointe-du-Chêne.


 * Start of cleanup, some details
 * Apples
 * Marina
 * Moncton damage, mitigated by prevention projects

Newfoundland and Labrador
Damaging winds impacted much of Newfoundland, downing numerous trees and cutting power to 3,500 Newfoundland Power customers. Outages were concentrated across western and central portions of the island. In Hawke's Bay, a shed had its roof blown off. Little rain accompanied the winds, though some roads saw some water buildup. A 500 lb archway over a tombstone in a Deer Lake graveyard was toppled. Along coastal areas, storm surge had limited effects owing to lower tides. Cooler temperatures along the backside of Dorian prompted frost advisories for most of Newfoundland and southern Labrador.

Quebec
Approximately 4,000 Hydro-Québec customers lost power across the Gaspé Peninsula and 3,000 on the Magdalen Islands. Significant coastal damage occurred across the Magdalen Islands, with roads and cliffs eroded away by powerful waves estimated up to 20 m high. Sand dunes along the eastern shores of the island were completely eroded away, enabling rising waters to destroy many cottages. Sheds and recreational structures were damaged or destroyed by high winds. Particularly hard hit were Cap-aux-Meules and La Grave. Several trailers and one building were damaged on Entry Island.

Aftermath

 * Shellfish closures
 * Military deployed, some impact and preps info
 * Power restoration

Nova Scotia
NSP CEO Karen Hutt described the effects of Dorian as a "worst case scenario". The company dispatched 3 helicopters and 15 ground crews to assess damage to the power grid immediately after the storm. They contracted crews from Nova Scotia and received assistance from New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec, Maine, and Florida, in what became the largest response in Nova Scotia history with about 600 teams dispatched across the province. NSP identified 385 high-priority areas, namely hospitals and cellphone tower, where the Canadian military accelerated restoration. All substations and transmission lines brought offline during the storm were restored within 81 hours. Poor coordination between the company and power crews led to some delays in restoration as personnel were not adequately informed of where to find housing or food.

The crane collapse at the Olympus building in Halifax displaced people in 21 apartments, closed nearby businesses, and resulted in prolonged traffic issues. Costs to remove the crane exceeded C$2 million and were covered upfront by taxpayers. Provincial officials filed invoices to have Lead Structural Formwork Ltd. and WM Fares Group, the owner of the crane and building it fell from respectively, to reimburse the associated fees. The Labour Department launched an inquiry into the collapse; however, no conclusive results were achieved by December 2020 and a final report was not expected until 2021 due to additional delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Damage to the province's agriculture strained the livelihood of farmers, with some having to cover losses out of pocket into 2020 as government funding was not allocated by June 2020. Later stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problems caused by Dorian. In September, the Nova Scotia Federation of Agriculture determined the damage to agriculture did not meet the criteria for federal funding.

Repair and restoration costs for oft-used Salt Marsh Trail in Halifax reached C$25,500.

Restaurants in Shelburne County provided first responders with hot drinks and food. Comfort shelters were opened for residents in New Waterford.

Approximately 300 soldiers from CFB Gagetown in New Brunswick were deployed to Nova Scotia for cleanup efforts with another 400 placed on standby. The 4 Engineer Support Regiment was directed to Halifax. Crews were dispatched province-wide, primarily assisting with debris removal to expedite power restoration.


 * Schools
 * Power
 * https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/hurricane-dorian-disaster-relief-ottawa-federal-program-1.5402556
 * https://www.capebretonpost.com/news/local/assistance-now-available-for-hurricane-damages-in-nova-scotia-396685/
 * https://www.thestar.com/halifax/2019/09/12/dorian-triggers-nova-scotia-to-rethink-importance-of-cell-service.html
 * Tree removal parking ban
 * Financial assistance
 * Nova Scotia Government search: https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=013932387134010488837%3As9ehiattqzi&q=Hurricane+Dorian

New Brunswick

 * Relief available
 * Cleanup
 * Power restoration
 * Marina

Quebec
Mayor of Magdalen Islands Jonathan Lapierre requested emergency funding from Ottawa and Quebec to handle coastal erosion. Quebec allocates C$50 million to combat erosion province-wide, though the Magdalen Islands government stated the entire sum would be needed after Dorian. The extensive damage sustained by rental cottages in Chemin des Chalets led to the Department of Public Security deeming them illegal less than two weeks after the storm. All existing cottages were to be relocated or dismantled. Lapierre made an official request for C$80 million in February 2020 to protect the Magdalen Islands from accelerating erosion. In August 2020, the Government of Quebec pledged C$7 million to construct a 600 m protective structure in Cap-aux-Meules.


 * Refusal

Prince Edward Island
On September 14, the Provincial Disaster Assistance Program was activated, allowing affected residents to apply for further financial assistance. A one-time funding program provided 6,000 people with additional assistance, with most receiving C$110 and some receiving C$140. The provincial government provided PEI Food Banks with C$50,000 to get food to affected residents. In early October, the provincial government partnered with the Canadian Red Cross to establish a financial assistance program.


 * has some impact and recovery


 * Tree replacement
 * Summerside
 * CUSTOM PENS
 * Power
 * Cemetery
 * Hospitality
 * Farmers
 * Cleanup costs
 * Debris
 * Charlottetown
 * Devil's Punchbowl Trail
 * A year later
 * Lessons?
 * Restoring parks Leaving debris


 * Political thing?

Newfoundland
Newfoundland Power dispatched crews to restore service during the storm.