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Archaeologists have associated ‘Anjar with Chalcis of Lebanon, but in 1940, Jean Sauvaget expressed uncertainties by proposing the ruins originally walled an enclosure and were part of an established Umayyad settlement.

Jean-Paul Rey-Coquais has also stated that the ‘Anjar ruins built over Roman or Byzantine systems are originally Umayyad, as opposed to Hellenistic.

According to al-Maqdisi, in the 10th century 'Anajar was the route between Ba'albek and Qara'uin, and has been referred to as "the spring of the mountain". Situated on a hill in Ba’albek territory, there is however no mentions of a mashta or badiah at ‘Anjar by Arab sources. 'Abd al-Malik was a likely dweller as he frequently changed his residence according to the seasons, and his son has been said to follow this convention.