User:D'Catarina/Iron-oxidizing bacteria

1. Redefine the "Introduction"-including general occurrence in the environment, characteristics, pH and Oxygen. a. Add their evolutionary time or Taxonomic groups (if possible the tree of life showing where are the IOB)

2. Energy generation under anoxygenic conditions: explain Phototrophic IOB; chemiothrophic IOB-dependence on NO3 (mixotrophic FE (II))

In a acid and circumneutral pH environments, the oxidation of iron is highly competitive with the abiotic reaction (spontaneous reaction of Fe 2+ and molecular oxygen), this biotic reaction is quick to allow the cell to conserve energy and stock carbon as biomass, before the available Fe is consumed (Morrison and Koffas, 2018; McAllister et al., 2019). However the majority of Fe (II) bio-oxidation has been discovered to occur in acidic

3. Distribution in the marine environment: Zetaproteobacteria, influence on the Fe biogeochemical cycle and explain their relevance as a source of iron in the ocean. (MIC?).

Iron is one of the main elements in the Earth’s crust (Madigan et al., 2012); its role in the metabolism of some chemolithotrophs is probably very ancient. There are 7 phyla between Bacteria and Archea able to oxidize iron to obtain energy: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Nitrospirae, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota. Microorganisms of two of the six classes of the Protobacteria (Betaproteobacteria and Zetaproteobacteria) have the ability to grow oxidizing iron in microaerobic and neutral pH environments. (Emerson et al., 2010).

4. Threats to the IOB as moo (global warming, pollution...)- to understand that they are also alive and threatened with all the changes in their environment (in a good/bad way)