User:D. Bajčeta/Two-stage mechanical oscillator

Two-stage mechanical oscillator (or oscillator with two degrees of freedom) is a gravitational machine and consists of only 2 parts: a pendulum and a lever. The interaction of two-stage oscilations multiplies the input energy suitable for performing useful work (mechanical hammer, press, pump, transmission, electric generator, etc.). The creator, inventor and constructor of the two-stage mechanical oscillator and the author of the published patents is academician Veljko Milković, an internationally awarded Serbian researcher i inventor, whose sphere of interest is the past, ecological innovations and new ecologically clean technologies. During his very successful research career, Academician Milković conceived 114 inventions and was granted 29 patents, some of which have been in use for years.

A lever with a physical pendulum as a simple machine
Mechanical hammer with a physical pendulum is an original device - a machine which is turning the oscillations of the physical pendulum, hanged on one arm of a two-armed lever, into the oscillations of the weight on the other arm of the same lever. The axis of rotation, the axle of the physical pendulum is parallel to the axis of rotation, the axle of the lever. The axle bed of the lever is connected to the surface with girders. The axle of the physical pendulum is oscillating up and down when the pendulum is out of balance. Thus, the weight on the other arm of the lever is oscillating as well. The arm on which the pendulum is positioned is lifted with every movement of the pendulum away from the balance, because the weight of the pendulum weight is decreasing, and the same lever arm is lowering when the pendulum is closer to the balance position and that happens in succession. The period of oscillation of the lever and the weight on it is twice shorter than the period of oscillation of the physical pendulum and the weight on it.

On picture 1. below, the triangle represents the support for the two-armed lever. The small circles represent the two axis. The lever rotates on one and the physical pendulum on the other. On the right arm of the lever is an angle on which the physical pendulum is oscillating, and on the left arm is the weight which oscillates together with the lever. As soon as the physical pendulum is out of balance and begins to oscillate, the lever starts to oscillate as well.

Origin of energy based on difference in potential
Energy is created due to difference of the potential in existing devices. Consumers of energy use the difference in the potential between the plus and the minus (direct current) and zero and the phase (alternate current). All heat and thermal motors accomplish useful work due to higher temperature and pressure. Mills and power plants use different levels of water, etc. The same case is with the two-stage mechanical oscillator.

Since there is a difference in potential (Picture 2.) between the weightless state (1) and culmination of force (2) during oscillation of the pendulum, the same is true for centrifugal force, which is zero in upper position, and culminates in the lower position at maximum speed.

Patents and application
Academician Veljko Milković has 26 patents closely related to the possibilities of the two-stage mechanical oscillator's practical application. These patents include measuring instruments intended for measuring the efficiency of this mechanism, as well as direct application in mechanical presses, pump pumps, electricity generators, etc. The following is a list of these patents:


 * Hand water pump with a pendulum - Patent YU 49002 B - P-577/99
 * Fan with a pendulum - Patent YU 348 MP - MP-32/00
 * Electric generator with a pendulum and magnetic bumpers - Patent YU 313 MP - MP-37/00
 * Mechanical hammer with adjustable pendulum weight - Patent YU 343 MP - MP-60/00
 * Electric generator with wind and gravity drive - YU 330 MP - MP-63/00
 * Press with a pendulum and manets - Patent YU 375 MP - MP-14/01
 * Piston water pump with a pendulum and electromagnets - Patent YU 361 MP - MP-23/01
 * Electric generator with with an elastic pendulum - Patent YU 371 MP - MP-33/01
 * Wind generator wit a two-armed lever and wind circle with an excentric mass - Patent YU 384 MP - MP-4/01
 * Instrument for comparing the amount of work created by a pendulum when it transfers the kinetic energy directly to the object with the impact of its mass and indirectly through a two-armed lever - Patent YU 439 MP - MP-106/01
 * A machine for the production of energy from gravity potential with instruments for measuring efficiency - Patent YU 49463 B - P-087/02
 * Device for the production of energy from gravitational potential and centrifugal force with instruments for efficiency measuring - Patent YU 460 MP - MP-30/02
 * Piston pump with an electric motor and an excenter - Patent YU 514 MP - MP-65/02
 * Sieve with a two-armed lever and a pendulum that oscillates under force - Patent YU 495 MP - MP-78/02
 * Device for inspection of oscillations created by a two-armed lever and a pendulum depending on the place of an impulse force - Patent YU 500 MP - MP-80/02
 * Hand water pump with a pendulum - Patent YU 529 MP - MP-90/02
 * Mechanical toy with a pendulum and three oscillating levers - Patent YU 489 MP - MP-98/02
 * Instrument for comparison of single and two-stage oscillations - Patent YU 652 MP - MP-27/04
 * Instrument for checking oscillations with plate spring, pendulums with weights and wings - Patent RS 50098 B - P-2005/0028
 * Instrument for examination of the effect of the mass of a two-sided lever to its oscillations when connected to a pendulum in a two-stage oscillator - Patent RS 50180 B - P-2006/0094
 * Electric dynamo with pendulum and magnets - Patent RS 49959 B - P-2006/0165
 * Mechanical hammer with a pendulum and permanent magnets - Patent RS 1420 U1 - MP-2014/0036
 * Oscillating mechanism with a two-arm lever and pendulum bob hanging on the elastic tapes - Patent RS 1421 U1 - MP-2014/0037
 * Device for examining the impact of the pendulum weight on oscillations of a two-step oscillator consisting of a two-sided lever and a pendulum - Patent RS 20070506 (A)

Theoretical and mathematical models
The two-stage mechanical oscillator as a simple mechanism achieves new mechanical effects and is a pure source of mechanical energy. Numerous scientific and research papers have been published since the inception of the concept itself, These papers deal with proof of this oscillator’s super efficiency using mathematical models and precise explanation of the effects that this device produces. Below is a list of papers published by renowned university professors, engineers, enthusiasts, etc.


 * Physics of the pendulum-lever energy system: A summary of knowledge - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * The secret of free energy from the pendulum - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Theory of gravity machines - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Keys of understanding gravity machines of Veljko Milković - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Mechanical feedback loop problems and possible solutions for the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Milković’s two-stage oscillator as a parametric oscillator - Aleksandar B. Slavković
 * Two-stage and three-stage oscillator as a compressor - dr Zoran Marković
 * Physics of the two-stage pendulum oscillator - prof. dr Colin Gauld
 * Energy surplus in pendulum and two-armed lever system - prof. Nebojša Simin, b.sc. in physics
 * Free energy of the oscillating pendulum-lever system - prof. Nebojša Simin, b.sc. in physics
 * On the trace of the energy surplus of a two-stage mechanical oscillator - Ljubo Panić, b.sc. in astrophysics
 * Analysis of the influence of the centrifugal force during operation of the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Bebić, M.Sc. in physics
 * Common problems with mathematical models and Lagrange’s equations for two-stage oscillators - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Modeling and simulation of a double pendulum with pad - Bojan Petković, m. sc. in technology
 * Oscillation of the lever caused by the swinging of the pendulum - academician prof. Bratislav Tošić

Efficiency measuring and experiments
Numerous experiments have been conducted by scientific and professional organizations, as well as by enthusiasts. Recommendations for constructing the two-stage mechanical oscillator were provided for that purpose and many enthusiasts around the world are researching this invention and its applications. Below is a list of recommendations for the development of this device, as well as published results of its efficiency.


 * Recommendations for construction and efficiency measuring of the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * MK5 input/output determination through load cell measurement - Ronald Pugh (Canada)
 * Raymond Head’s over unity proof for Veljko Milković’s two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Recommendations for measuring the efficiency quotient of the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Precise measuring of input and output energy in the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Bebić, b. sc. in physics
 * Calculation of energy surplus of the two-stage mechanical oscillator in the experiment with manual dynamo lamps - Jovan Bebić, b. sc. in physics
 * Measuring the ratio of output and input energy of the two-stage mechanical oscillator - Jovan Bebić, b. sc. in physics
 * Re-calculation of output energy measured by Jovan Bebić - Jovan Marjanović, m. sc. in electrical engineering
 * Official electric measuring results by Institute for energetics, electronics and telecommunications, University of Novi Sad

Scientific research papers
Numerous scientific research papers have been published over the past 20 years all over the world. These were conducted by students, professors, post graduates and professional institutions. These papers deal with prototypes, measuring of efficiency, application on hand-operated water pumps, as well as energy generation. The following list presents some of these scientific research papers and is being updated regularly.


 * Modeling, simulation and analysis of a variable-length pendulum water pump - Godiya Yakubu, Paweł Olejnik, Jan Awrejcewicz - Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Poland (2021) 
 * Study and design of pendulum assisted hand water pump - Rejsha Khoteja, Sandhya Mishra, Sarad Niraula, Kshitij Kunwar, Nirajan Ghimire, Krishna Prasad Shrestha, Pratisthit Lal Shrestha - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University Dhulikhel, Nepal (2021)
 * Design and mathematical modelling of pendulum based hand pump - Shubham Kumar, Moshin Alam, Satya Prakash Singh, Mohit Kuntal, mr. Jiyaul Mustafa - School of mechanical engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India (2020)


 * Fabrication of pendulum machine for generation of electricity through oscillation motion - Dhawal Bodhankar, Ankit Chauvhan, Santosh Rahangadale, Gaurav Uprikar, Sangram Deshmukh, prof. Swapnil Choudhary - Wainganga College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India (2020)
 * Experimental investigation of energy production by using pendulum - Than Than Htike, Han Lwin Soe, Kyaw Myat Moe - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yangon Technological University, BPI, Yangon, Myanmar (2019)
 * Optimum parametric analysis of mechanical oscillator for pumping application - Rejin Balachandran, Nandu A., Nirmla M. S. - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, Mar Ivanios Vidyanagar Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India (2019)
 * Design and development of pendulum operated water pump - prof. Prashant B. Shelar, Avinash D. Kambale, Akash N. Patil, Rajkumar M. Khandare, Abhishek H. Sachane, Shubham S. Gavali - Department of mechanical engineering, D.Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (2018)
 * Design and fabrication of gravity inertial device - S. Muruganantham, S. Ganesh Kumar, S. Jagatheswaran, P. Karthikeyan, D. Praveen - Department of mechanical engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Erode - 52, Tamilnadu, India (2017)
 * Fabrication of pendulum pump - Anurag Anand, Devanshu Jhakal, Rahul Sharma, Rupesh Deshbhratar - Department of mechanical engineering, Thakur College of Engineering, Mumbai, India (2017)
 * Overview of motorized pendulum - Mr. Nitin G. Patril, Prof. Avinash Namdeo - Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India (2017)
 * Design and fabrication of hand water pump operated by a pendulum - Rajeh Kumar Sahu, Rakesh Kumar Das, Supriya Dip, Sidartha Mohapatra - Department of mechanical engineering, Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gunupur Rayagada Odisha, India (2016)
 * Electrical energy harvesting by using pendulum power generator - Mithun Gajghiye, Mayiuri Boke, Akshay Kelwadkar, prof. Sandeep Mude - Karmavir Dadasaheb Kannamwar College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India (2016)
 * Electrical energy generation by using pendulum motion - Rajat Wairagade, Sonu Tagwan, prof Sandeep Mude - Karmavir Dadasaheb Kannamwar College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India (2016)
 * Single acting piston pump using oscillating motion - Gowrishankar K., Gobinath M., R. Gani - Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India (2015)
 * Fabrication of device for generation of energy using two stage mechanical oscillators - Rakesh Chaudhari - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (2015)
 * Design and development of hand water pump with a pendulum - D. Apparao, Y. Sagar - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh, India (2015)
 * Fabrication and analyses on a pendulum pump - Rony K Placid, Steffin George Sam, Amal R. - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baselious Thomas 1 College Of Engineering & Technology, Koothattukulam, Kerala, India (2015)
 * The convergence of parametric resonance and vibration energy harvesting - dr Yu Jia - Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2014)
 * Microcontroller based performance study platform for the two.stage mechanical oscillator - S. Meghashyam Reddy, dr S. A. K. Jilani - Department of Electronics and Communication engineering, Mandapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Mandapalle, India (2014)
 * Energy conversion phenomenon in implementation of water lifting by using pendulum effect - Prof. Bhane Ajeet Bhagwat, Asst. Professor of Mechanical Engineering - Savitrubai Phule Pune University, SND COE&RC, Yeola, Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India (2014)
 * A parametrically exited vibration energy harvester - Yu Jia, Jize Yan, Kenichi Soga, Ashwin A. Seshia - Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2013)
 * Two-stage oscillator for operating a reciprocationg pump - Nikhade, G. R., Patil, R.U. and Bansal, S. P. - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India (2013)