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Hierarchical Carbon Fibre
When carbon nanostructures are grown onto the surface of carbon fibre in the out-of-plane direction or z-axis direction, then the fibre with new architecture is termed as "Hierarchical Carbon fibre". This type of carbon fibre is mostly used to make high-performance structural composite structures with multifunctional properties. Among the carbon nanostructures, carbon nanotubes (shortly termed as "CNTs"), graphene, etc. are more frequently incorporated onto the fibre axis following some popular techniques including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method and/or chemical grafting methods.