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Muhumusa

Muhumusa was a priestess of the spirit of Nyabingi in Rwanda. According to some sources she was married to and had a son with the King of Rwanda. Nyabingi was the queen of Karawgwe and in some versions of the tale she was murdered by her husband. After her death she started possessing different people and any atrocities were considered to be her revenge. Yet this sparked a cult where people tried to become mediums of her spirit. Muhumusa wanted to fight the colonial powers and establish independent rule. Some scholars say this was for the chance for her son to rule.

In 1911 after she had enough support to start fighting the Germans. In September 1911 she was imprisoned for life by the British, who feared her growing influence, after losing an important battle. Muhumusa's rebellion led the British to create a law banning Witchcraft in 1912, it was later revised in 1921 to have more severe punishments. In 1917 another woman who was a follower of Nyabingi started a rebellion against the British, the Nyakishenyi revolt. In 1928 the cult was banned by the British to stop further revolts. Muhumusa died in 1945 while still imprisoned by the British.