User:DChamberland/sandbox/Geoffrey E. Hill - Atmospheric Scientist

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Geoffrey E. Hill - Atmospheric Scientist and Author
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Early Life and Education
Jeff was the youngest of four children, born and raised during the depths of the Great Depression. His mother was an artist and his father a taxi driver. When his mother wanted no more children and no longer allowed marital relations his father’s alcoholism intensified. As an infant and young child, Jeff was subjected to frequent physical abuse from his father. In this situation combined with dire economic conditions, his health was constantly under stress. In addition, Jeff suffered from extensive bullying during his elementary school years, apparently brought on by his frailty and perhaps his friendship with two brothers of German heritage. They were among a few who didn’t bully.

By high school Jeff was enrolled in a different neighborhood where he began to blossom intellectually. During the difficult years before high school, Jeff became devoted to natural science, especially meteorology. He understood that his curiosity about nature could lead to a viable path forward. He became determined to become a meteorologist. During his high school years he showed promise in mathematics and physics, both necessary for exploring the origins of weather systems.

Jeff was accepted to M.I.T. in its meteorology course. He completed it in four years under extreme personal conditions. His father had not been at home for several years and during freshman year his mother was committed to a TB sanatorium. (She survived, became a successful artist and lived to one hundred years of age.) In spite of very little family income and often in ill health, Jeff struggled at first, but steadily gained academic strength to finish with honors. At graduation he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force and after overseas assignments he returned to M.I.T. where he received an M.S. degree in 1958. He later received a PhD from the Pennsylvania State University.

Career
Jeff’s career began long before his formal education was completed. After receiving his master degree he joined Avco Corp. (now Textron Defense Systems) as a senior scientist to research on the subject of ionospheric physics. The purpose was to gain knowledge on how the ionosphere is affected by solar disturbances and the effects on high-frequency (HF) radio communications, especially in arctic regions. He then joined the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories as a research scientist specializing in numerical modeling of atmospheric systems. Next, he became Associate Professor of meteorology at Lowell University. He was awarded a National Science Foundation Science Faculty Fellowship to enroll in a PhD program. In 1973 he received his PhD from Penn. State University with a thesis that focused on cloud physics. In 1973 he joined the Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University as a Research Professor. His research was on snowpack augmentation by cloud seeding and in-flight aircraft icing, both disciplines closely related to the presence of supercooled liquid water. He became an expert in the measurement and effects of supercooled liquid water in clouds. He received three U.S. patents in this regard.

Jeff has published thirty-one scientific articles in professional journals and some fifty government approved reports. He presented technical papers at numerous (28) national and international conferences. He had many TV appearances to describe his research; in 1969 he presented nightly weather forecasts on a Lowell MA TV station. After retirement from USU, Jeff entered a new phase of activity. He did extensive research on the roots of the war in the Pacific, its execution and its legacy. He published Ghosts of ’45: Japan’s War Legacy and National Purpose in 2014. He is currently writing another book with the working title America Divided: E Pluribus Unum Under Stress.

Views
Jeff’s early world views were shaped by the Great Depression, an alcoholic and abusive father, an educated an intelligent mother, Catholicism, his own frailty, World War II, his devotion to the subject of weather, his Hyde Park High School and M.I.T. education and his exposure to different cultures (North Africa and Italy) while serving in the military. Subsequently, he left Catholicism and became Unitarian. At present he does not follow an organized religion, but maintains a naturalistic/humanistic view of life that draws upon the great thinkers in history. Politically, Hill still admires the intelligent, compassionate and bold leadership of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, widely considered the third greatest president after George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Personal Life

Jeff lived in the Boston area for his first forty years, except for his time in Tripoli Libya, French Morocco and Rome Italy. He has since lived in State College Pennsylvania, Logan Utah, Boulder Colorado, and Honolulu Hawaii. He has traveled to many countries in all continents. His health and well-being steadily improved in adulthood and is currently good. He exercises regularly especially with his daily two-mile walks. Hill married Rosemary Kidd in 1966 and has two children.

Books

 * Ghosts of ’45: Japan’s War Legacy and National Purpose (2014) ISBN 978-1-4582-1013-5
 * America Divided: Reconciling E Pluribus Unum with today’s Reality. To be published

Patents

 * Passive Atmospheric Liquid Water Measuring System and Process, United States Patent Office. Patent #5,065,615. Nov. 19, 1991, 10 pp.[1]
 * Automatic Balloon Launching System, United States Patent Office. Patent #4,494,714, Jan. 22, 1985[2]
 * Apparatus and Method for Measuring Concentrations of Supercooled Liquid Water, United States Patent Office. Patent #4,441,363, Apr. 10, 1984, 15 pp. Cited by 12[3]

Selected Publications - Scientific Journals

 * Analysis of Supercooled Liquid Water Measurements Using Microwave Radiometer and Vibrating Wire Devices. J. Atmos. & Ocean. Tech., 11, Oct. 1994, 1242-1252. Cited by 16[4]
 * Measurement of Atmospheric Liquid Water by a Ground-Based Single-Frequency Microwave Radiometer. J. Atmos. & Ocean. Tech., 8, Oct., 1991, 685-690. Cited by 9[5]
 * Laboratory Calibration of a Vibrating Wire Device for Measuring Concentrations of Supercooled Liquid Water. J. Atmos. & Ocean. Tech., 6, Dec. 1989. Cited by 7[6]
 * Comparisons of Simultaneous Airborne and Radiometric Measurements of Supercooled Liquid Water, J. Appl. Meteorol. 28, Aug. 1989. Cited by 8[7]
 * Seedability of Winter Orographic Clouds, Precipitation Enhancement—A Scientific Challenge, AMS Monograph. Chap. 13, p. 127-137, 1986. Cited by 5[8]
 * Analysis of Precipitation Augmentation Potential in Winter Orographic Clouds by Use of Aircraft Icing Reports. J. Appl. Meteorol., 21, Feb. 1982, 165-170. Cited by 7[9]
 * Seventh Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification. Bulletin AMS 62, Jan., 1981. (With Richard Semonin)[10]
 * Seeding Opportunity Recognition in Winter Orographic Clouds. J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, Dec. 1980. Cited by 20[11]
 * A Balloon-borne Instrument for the Measurement of Vertical Profiles of Supercooled Liquid Water Concentration, J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, Nov. 1980. (with D. S. Woffinden) Cited by 23[12]
 * Dispersion of Airborne Released Silver Iodide Plumes in Winter Orographic Storms. J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, Aug. 1980. Cited by 11[13]
 * Observations of Precipitation Forced Circulations in Winter Orographic Storms, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, Aug. 1978. Cited by 18[14]
 * Reexamination of Cloud-Top Temperatures Used as Criteria for Stratification of Cloud Seeding Effects in Experiments on Winter Orographic Clouds. J. Appl. Meteorol. Vol. 19, No. 10 (October 1980)[15]
 * Analysis of Randomized Winter Orographic Cloud Seeding Experiments in Utah, J. Appl. Meteorol. 18, 1979. Cited by 5[16]
 * Development and Application of a Predictor Control for the Evaluation of a Winter Orographic Cloud Seeding Project, J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, Apr. 1978, 489-497. Cited by 4[17]
 * Initiation Mechanisms and Development of Cumulus Convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, Dec. 1977, 1934-1941. Cited by 17[18]
 * Factors Controlling the Size and Spacing of Cumulus Clouds as Revealed by Numerical Experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 31 April, 1974, 646-673. Cited by 225[19]
 * Grid Telescoping in Numerical Weather Prediction. J. Appl. Meteorol., 7. Feb. 1968 29-38. Cited by 53[20]
 * Sudden Enhancements of F-Iayer Ionization in Polar Regions. J. Atmos. Sci.. 20, Nov., 1963, 492-497. Cited by 43[21]
 * HF Communication During Ionospheric Storms. J. Res. Radio Propagation. 67D, 23-30. 1963. Cited by 5[22]
 * Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Absorption Events During the First Six Months of the IGY. Journal Phys. Soc. Japan. 17, Suppl. A-l, International Conference Cosmic Rays and the Earth Storm. 1962. Cited by 7[23]
 * The Absorption Effect in the Arctic during a Severe Ionospheric Storm. Atmos. and Terr. Phys. 23, 1962, 191-201.[24]
 * Effects of Corpuscular Emissions on the Polar Ionosphere Following Solar Flares. J. Geophys. 1961. Res. 66, 2329-2335. (with R. Penndorf) Cited by 8[25]
 * Ionospheric Disturbances Following a Solar flare, J. of Geophysical Research, 1960. Cited by 22[26]
 * Seedability of Winter Orographic Clouds: Precipitation Enhancement - A Scientific Challenge: AMS Meteorological Monographs, p.127-137.Braham, Roscoe (Ed.)[27]
 * Precipitation Augmentation Potential by Cloud Seeding in the State of Utah (1974). Reports. Paper 428.[28]
 * Further Comparisons of Simultaneous Airborne and Radiometric Measurements of Supercooled Liquid Water, J. Appl. Meteorol. Vol. 31, No. 4 (April 1992), pp. 397-401[29][30]
 * Fog Effect of the Great Salt Lake, J. Appl. Meteorol., June 1988, Vol. 27, No. 6[31]
 * Further Comparisons of Simultaneous Airborne and Radiometric Measurements of Supercooled Liquid Water, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 4, Apr. 1992[32]
 * Reexamination of Cloud-Top Temperatures Used as Criteria for Stratification of Cloud Seeding Effects in Experiments on Winter Orographic Clouds. J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 10, Oct. 1980[33]
 * A Bird’s-Eye View: Development of an Operational ARM Unmanned Aerial Capability for Atmospheric Research in Arctic Alaska: Gijs de Boer and 23 co-authors, Bulletin, Amer. Meteorological Society, 1197-1212, June 2018[34]
 * David Serke et al, 2014: Supercooled liquid water content profiling case studies with a new vibrating wire sonde compared to a ground-based microwave radiometer. Elsevier B.V. Atmospheric Research 149, 77-87. Cited by 18[35]
 * Michael C. King, John A. Bognar, Daniel Guest and Fred Bunt, 2016: Vibrating-Wire Supercooled Liquid Water Content Sensor Calibration and Characterization Progress, NASA/TM—2016-219129, 13 pp[36]
 * Ronald H. Hill and Alexis B. Long, 1994: The CISRO Dual Frequency Microwave Radiometer, CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Technical paper No. 35, Mordialloc, Vic. 3195, Australia[37]
 * NASA Tech. Memorandum 87808 A Survey of Nested Grid Techniques and Their Potential for Use within the MASS Weather Prediction Model. Steven E. Koch, Goddard Space Flight Center and Jeffery T. McQueen, ST Systems Corporation, 1987[38]
 * CC Ryerson: Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing Conditions - NTRS – NASA. Cited by 10 p. 11, 40 and 52.[39]
 * Aircraft Icing Handbook (DOT/FAA/CT-88/8-1, 2, 3), First Update of Aircraft Icing Handbook[40]
 * Hill to Head Weather Modification Project. Aquarius, Vol. 4, No. 1, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University. Jan. 1973.[41]
 * Member, American Meteorological Committee for Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Bulletin, AMS, Vol. 63, No. 8, Aug. 1982[42]
 * Geoffrey E. Hill, President Atek Corporation: Professional Directory, Bulletin American Meteorological Society. Vol. 68, No. 7, July 1987, p. 880.[43]

Selected Reports

 * Impacts of Proposed West Desert Pumping Alternatives on Weather, to BIO/WEST, Inc., Logan, UT, July, 1985. 12 pp.
 * Atmospheric Icing Detector for Radiosondes. Contract DACA 89-84-C-0005, U.S. Army CRREL, Hanover, NH, Nov., 1984. 45 pp.
 * Evaluation of the Bureau of Reclamation's Dual Frequency Microwave Radiometer. US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, Sept., 1984. 26 pp.
 * Evaluation of the Utah Operational Weather Modification Program. Final Report, Contract NOAA/NA-81-RAC 00023, Weather Modification Program Office, NOAA, Mar., 1982. 291 pp.[44]
 * Seedability of Winter Orographic Storms in Utah, Final Report, Contract No. 14-06-D-7184, Bureau of Reclamation, Dec. 1977, 78 pp.[45]
 * Assessment of Cloud Seeding Programs and Evaluation Techniques in the State of Utah, Contract No. I4-06-D-7579, Bureau of Reclamation/ Utah Div. Water Resources, June 1975, 61 pp. (with N. E. Stauffer and H. K. Woodward).
 * Morphology of Abnormal Enhancements of F-layer Ionization in Polar Regions. AVCO RAD-TR-63-48, Contract NSF-C255, Dec. 1963, 19 pp.
 * Natural Communications Study. Final Report. AVCO RAD-TR-63-37. Contract AF30 (602)-2809. Jul., 1963, 170 pp. (Senior author, with S. M. Bennett, C. J. Mazzola, M. A. Shea, and D. A. Sherman).
 * Feasibility Study on a Reliable Polar HF Communications System. AVCO RAD-TR-63-13, Apr., 1963, 128 pp. (Senior author, with S. M . Bennett and C. J. Mazzola).
 * Research Concerning Forecasting Anomalous Propagation at High Altitudes. AVCO RAD-TR-63-15, Feb., 1963, 100 pp. (with S. C. Coroniti, J. R. Herman, R. Penndorf, and G. F. Rourke) Appendix by G. E. Hill, p. 33-100.[46]
 * Soviet Progress in Ionospheric Physics Related to Communications. AVCO Corp. Technical Report, Feb., 1962.
 * Predicted Performance of a High-Frequency Polar-Communications Network During an Ionospheric Storm. AVCO Corp. RAD-TR-61-17, Apr., 1961. 44 pp. (with N. J. MacDonald and R. Penndorf)[47]
 * Program Development Plan for an Operational Cloud Seeding Project in Utah with Evaluation Included. Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO Jan. 1979.[48]
 * Development of Cloud Seedability Criteria, Utah Division of Water Resources Cooperative Agreements No. 79-5039 and 79-5226. Sep. 1979 UWRL/A-79/01[49]
 * Precipitation Augmentation Potential by Cloud Seeding in the State of Utah, Final Report, Division of Water Resources, Aug. 1974, 39 pp.[50]
 * Geoffrey E. Hill, Seedability of Winter Orographic Storms in Utah, Final Report, Division of Atmospheric Water Resources Management, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Dec. 1977 78 pp. [45]
 * Research on Increased Winter Orographic Precipitation by cloud seeding: Development of Cloud liquid Water Instrumentation and application to Cloud seeding Technology. Final Report, Utah Division of Water Resources, Cooperative Agreement No. 80-5052, UWRL/A-80/01, Dec. 1980.[51]
 * Preliminary Study of the Northern Utah Hail Suppression Project, Final Report, Utah Division of Water Resources, Cooperative agreement 80-5257, UWRL/A-80/02, Dec. 1980.[52]
 * Measurement of Supercooled Liquid Water and Applications to Aircraft Inflight Icing, Geoffrey E. Hill, Atek Data Corporation, Proceedings of the FAA International Conference on Aircraft Inflight Icing, Vol. II Aug., 1996, DOT/FAA/Ar-96/81, II, p.339-352.[53]
 * Research on Increased Precipitation by Cloud Seeding: Development Phase. Utah Division of Water Resources, Cooperative Agreement No. 78-5126, Sep. 1978. [49]

Scientific and Technical Presentations

 * The Science and Technology of Winter Mountain Cloud Modification: Review, Assessment and Advancement, (Invited paper), Ninth Conf. on Weather Modification, Park City, Utah, May, 1984.[54]
 * Seeding Opportunity Recognition, AMS Workshop on Precipitation Enhancement, Park City, Utah, May 1984.[55]
 * USU Seedability Criteria for Winter Orographic Clouds, Eighth Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, Reno, Nevada, Oct. 1981. (with M . P. Miller)[56]
 * Comparisons of Cloud Top Temperatures Estimated from TPQ-11 K-band Radar, Radiosonde and Aircraft Data, Eighth Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, Reno, Nevada, Oct. 1981. (with E. J. Balmos) [56]
 * Observations of Ice Nuclei and Their Dispersion in a Winter Operational Project in Utah, Eighth Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, Reno, Nevada, Oct., 1981. (with B. D. Miller) [56]
 * Expendable Balloon-borne Cloud Physics System for Determination of Cloud Seedability in Winter Orographic Storms. Proceedings WHO 3rd Scientific Conference on Weather Modification, Clermont-Ferrand, France, July, 1980.
 * Seeding Criteria for Winter Orographic Clouds. Proceedings WHO 3rd Scientific Conference on Weather Modification, Clermont-Ferrand, France, July, 1980.
 * Evaluation of an Operational Winter Orographic Cloud Seeding Project in Utah. Preprints, Seventh Conference on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification, Banff Alberta; Amer. Meteor. Soc., Oct., 1979.
 * Numerical Experiments on the Initiation and Development of Cumulus. Presented in the session for GARP at the International Conference on Cloud Physics, London, England, Aug., 1972; Ph.D. Dissertation, Penn. State University, 1972.
 * Prediction of Vertical Wind Shear and Its Relationship to Clear Air Turbulence. Proc. Third Nat’l Conf. on Aerospace Meteorology, May 6-9, 1968. New Orleans, La. (with S. Penn)
 * Reduccion De Hallas En Prediccion Numerica Del Clima, 5th Technical Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Caracas, Nov., 1967.
 * Polar Cap and Auroral Zone Absorption Events During the First Six Months IGY, International Conf. Cosmic Rays and the Earth Storm, Kyoto, Japan, Sept., 1961.
 * AVCO Natural Communication System, 5th Natl Symp. Global Comm., Chicago, May, 1961.