User:DGTallis/sandbox

Three proposed changes to the Wikipedia entry "Obesity":

1. [Before the paragraph starting "Certain medications..." add a subheading:

Drug-induced obesity
2. [Insert a new paragraph at the start of the section headed "Medical interventions"]:

Since the introduction of medicines for the management of obesity in the 1930s, many compounds have been tried. Most of them reduce body weight by small amounts, and several of them are no longer marketed for obesity because of side effects. A 2016 systematic review of 25 anti-obesity medications withdrawn from the market between 1964 and 2009, of which 23 acted by altering the functions of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain, showed that mental disturbances, cardiac side effects, and drug abuse or drug dependence together accounted for 83% of withdrawals. Deaths were reportedly associated with seven products.

3. [Insert a new paragraph before the paragraph that starts "The most effective treatment for obesity ..."]:

The antipsychotic drug clozapine is said to have the worst metabolic profile of all antipsychotic drugs, partly because of its effects on glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). In a 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis of eight placebo-controlled studies of the use of metformin to modify weight in 478 people without diabetes mellitus taking clozapine, metformin was superior to placebo. Most of the studies were carried out in China or Taiwan. Metformin reduced weight by an average of 3.12 kg and basal metabolic index (BMI) by an average of 1.18 kg/m2. Metformin significantly improved three of the five components of the metabolic syndrome: waist circumference, fasting glucose, and fasting triglycerides.