User:DL Yang/sandbox

=DRUG USE AT WORKPLACE DUE TO OCCUPATIONAL STRESS=

(Edit for Article)

According to Anne Fisher, author of “Drug Use at Work: Higher than we thought”, the statistics of drug use at workplace is quiet disturbing. Even though recent results have shown that the number of Americans using cocaine while at work has declined sharply in the last few years, the drug testing of employees like pilots, airplane mechanics and train operators have revealed that twice as many employees are using heroin and the use of painkillers on the job is increasing. Results also show that the use of drugs like opiates like oxycodone and oxymorphone sold under different brand names are being abuse increasingly at the workplace. Another result shows that post-accident employee drug tests are four times as likely to show employee use of opiates than pre-employment drug screening, hinting that substance abuse has played a role in workplace accidents. Fisher further adds that, the drug intake may be a result of the stressful conditions at work, more commonly known as occupational stress. Personal factors such as job insecurity and physical factors such as long hours at work may be adding more stress at work, hence leading the employees to use drugs to de-stress. A report from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration states that “ of the 20.3 million adults in the U.S. classified as having substance use disorders in 2008,15.8 million were employed either full or part-time”. One of the ways companies fight the abuse of drugs at workplace is to offer employee assistance programs including drug and alcohol counseling. The only problem with this type of program is that empoyees doubt the confidentiality of this program. No employee wants to be found with a substance abuse problem and have their job taken away. However, companies are still trying to assure employees of their EAPs being completely confidential.

Fisher, A. (2011, 2 3). Drug use at work: Higher than we thought. CNN Money. Retrieved from http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/03/heroin-use-at-work-higher-than-we-thought

=WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT=

(Edit for Textbook)

In terms of Leadership, "women are finally making progress in the upper ranks of corporate life". Despite the increase in number of women in management, women are still being paid less than men for doing the same jobs as men. A study shows that women are more reluctant than men when it came to negotiating salary. Although women have progressed in the corporate world, a study reports that women still face barriers in advancement of their jobs such as lack of communication, failing to meet certain standards at their job, being assessed differently from men in terms of leadership behaviors and being less effective in maintaining discipline with their subordinates. Another interesting study showed that women who had male mentors earned higher salary than women who had female mentors. And as such, some women feel discouraged by their progress at work and leave their jobs to start their own companies.

Schultz, Duane and Schultz, Sydney, Ellen. "Psychology and Work Today." Pearson education, 2010.