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Causes
Research has shown evidence in the relationship of COVID and testicular atrophy by the reduced level of production of testosterone due to the changes in the secretions of gonadotropins. Results reveal that the inflammation and oxidative stress from testicular abnormalities in COVID-19 survivors may lead to infertility. It is important to monitor the COVID-19 patients' and survivors' health parameters and HPG axis abnormalities for any possible complications that may occur.

Treatment
People that have testicular atrophy due to testicular torsion need to immediately undergo surgery regardless of the ultrasound findings, as it will decrease the rate of recovery if delayed. The consequences of not treating will result in decreased fertility and may result in the need of orchiectomy.

There are treatments that can be given to individuals to prevent testicular atrophy from occurring. Taking one dose of antioxidant agents, such as, melatonin and steroids, once a day for 7 days has been shown to be effective in the recovery of the testes in the late period.