User:Daanschr/List of states by date of self-determination

This used to be an article i started, which was active for 1.5 years, but it is deleted.--Daanschr 09:34, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

List of states by date of self-determination represents states dated back to the last time when self-determination was realized. Self-determination is lost when foreign interventions result in complete occupation or a change of leadership. (For tricky dates see the talk page)


 * 1299 Ottoman Empire, present Turkey (Seljuk Empire) Kayqubad III -> Osman I
 * The Ottoman Empire declared independence. The Seljuk Empire was too weak to prevent the independence. Later on the Seljuk Empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks.


 * 1368 China (Mongolian Empire) Ukhaatu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan -> Hongwu Emperor
 * After several Mongolian civil wars, the Chinese rebelled and chased the Mongolians out of the country.


 * 1521 Sweden (Union of Kalmar) Christian II -> Gustav I
 * Sweden became independent of the Union of Kalmar after a long independence war versus the king who resided in Kopenhagen.


 * 1556 Spain (Holy Roman Empire) Charles V -> Philip II
 * Charles V divided his empire into two parts, the Holy Roman Empire was given to his brother and Spain to his son.


 * 1640 Portugal (Spain) Philip IV -> John IV
 * Portugal rebelled versus the Spanish king and was able to maintain independence thanks to English assistence.


 * 1707 Great Britain (England and Scotland) Anne
 * The English and Scottish parliaments decided to merge England-Scotland, which was already ruled by one royal house into a new country, the United Kingdom.


 * 1769 Thailand (small states) Taksin
 * Taksin united several small states into one country after a succesfull military campaign.


 * 1776 United States (Great Britain) George III -> John Hancock
 * The United States declared independence from the United Kingdom and were able to maintain independence after years of fighting war.


 * 1798 Switzerland (France) François de Neufchâteau -> Johann Lukas Legrand
 * France conquered Switzerland and changed the Swiss government.


 * 1810 Argentina (Spain) Junta of Buenos Aires
 * Argentina declared independence as part of the Spanish struggle versus the French occupiers of Spain and was able to keep independence after the Spanish monarchy was reesteblished.


 * 1810 Chile (Spain) Junta of Chile
 * Chile declared independence as part of the Spanish struggle versus the French occupiers of Spain and was able to keep independence after the Spanish monarchy was reesteblished.


 * 1810 Colombia (Spain) Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander
 * Colombia declared independence as part of the Spanish struggle versus the French occupiers of Spain and was able to keep independence after the Spanish monarchy was reesteblished.


 * 1810 Mexico (Spain) Miguel Hidalgo
 * Mexico declared independence as part of the Spanish struggle versus the French occupiers of Spain and was able to keep independence after the Spanish monarchy was reesteblished.


 * 1811 Paraguay (Spain) Fulgencio Yegros
 * Paraguay declared independence as part of the Spanish struggle versus the French occupiers of Spain and was able to keep independence after the Spanish monarchy was reesteblished.


 * 1813 Liechtenstein (France) Napoleon I -> Johann I Josef
 * Liechtenstein was able to become independent again after France lost the battle of Leipzig.


 * 1813 Netherlands (France) Napoleon I -> William I
 * The Netherlands were able to become independent again after France lost the battle of Leipzig.


 * 1815 France (Coalition) Louis XVIII
 * The Seventh Coalition changed the French government after defeating Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo.


 * 1825 Bolivia (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> Antonio José de Sucre
 * De Sucre decided to become a new state leader, independent from Bolívar's Colombia.


 * 1825 Uruguay (Brazil) Pedro I -> Juan Antonio Lavalleja
 * Spanish speaking Uruguay rebelled versus Portugeese Brazil and was able to maintain independence.


 * 1826 Brazil (Portugal) Pedro I
 * Portugal rebelled versus emperor Pedro I and became a republic. Emperor Pedro maintained his rule in Brazil.

The Belgians rebelled versus the Netherlands and were supported by the French army versus the Dutch army.
 * 1830 Belgium (Netherlands) William I -> Provisional Government
 * 1830 Ecuador (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> Juan José Flores
 * Ecuador rebelled versus Colombia and was able to maintain independence after a bloody war.


 * 1830 Venezuela (Colombia) Simón Bolívar -> José Antonio Páez
 * Venezuela rebelled versus Colombia.


 * 1838 Costa Rica (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Braulio Carrillo Colina
 * Civil war in the United States of Central America resulted in the independence of Costa Rica.


 * 1838 Nicaragua (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> José Núñez
 * Civil war in the United States of Central America resulted in the independence of Nicaragua.


 * 1838 Peru (Peru-Bolivian Confederacy) Andrés de Santa Cruz -> Agustín Gamarra
 * Gamarra rebelled versus De Santa Cruz, who maintained rule in Bolivia.


 * 1839 Honduras (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Juan Francisco de Molina
 * Civil war in the United States of Central America resulted in the independence of Honduras.


 * 1840 El Salvador (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> José María Silva
 * The rule of Morazán was ended and thereby also the United Provinces of Central America. El Salvador became an independent country.


 * 1840 Guatemala (United Provinces of Central America) Francisco Morazán -> Rafael Carrera
 * The rule of Morazán was ended and thereby also the United Provinces of Central America. Guatemala became an independent country.


 * 1847 Liberia (United States) James Polk -> Joseph Jenkins Roberts
 * Liberia was made an independent country by the United States as a reservate for free African-Americans.


 * 1861 Italy (small states) Victor Emmanuel II
 * Italian nationalists based in Sardinia-Piedmont conquered the Italian small states and founded a unified Italian state.


 * 1861 Monaco (France) Napoleon III -> Charles III
 * France had occupied an unruly Monaco, because of civil unrest. Most of Monaco was incorporated into France, a small part was given indepnedence again.


 * 1909 Cuba (United States) Theodore Roosevelt -> José Miguel Gómez
 * Cuba was given independence by the USA.


 * 1917 Finland (Russia) Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
 * Finnish nationalists rebelled versus Russia after the Russian revolution.


 * 1921 Ireland (Great Britain) George V
 * After a fierce civil war, Ireland was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1922 Egypt (Great Britain) George V -> Fuad I
 * Egypt was given independence by the United Kingdom but remained a British puppet state for a while.


 * 1923 Nepal (Great Britain) George V -> Tribhuvan
 * Nepal was given independence by the United Kingdom thanks to its loyal attidtude towards the British.


 * 1924 Dominican Republic (United States) Calvin Coolidge -> Horacio Vásquez
 * US-imperialists didn't changed the regime of the Dominican Republic after a military invasion.


 * 1924 Mongolia (Soviet Union) Central Executive Committee -> Navaandorjiyn Jadambaa
 * Mongolia became a communist puppet state of the Soviet Union after a few years of occupation by the Red Army.


 * 1929 Vatican City (Italy) Benito Mussolini -> Pius XI
 * The pope got his own state thanks to il Duce Mussolini of Italy.


 * 1931 Australia (Great Britain) George V
 * The British Empire decided to give complete home-rule to British dependencies.


 * 1931 Canada (Great Britain) George V
 * The British Empire decided to give complete home-rule to British dependencies.


 * 1931 New Zealand (Great Britain) George V
 * The British Empire decided to give complete home-rule to British dependencies.


 * 1931 South Africa (Great Britain) George V
 * The British Empire decided to give complete home-rule to British dependencies.


 * 1932 Saudi Arabia (Hijaz and Nejd) `Abd al-`Azīz Āl Sa`ūd
 * King Saud of Nejd conquered Hijaz and started Saudi Arabia.


 * 1933 Andorra (France) Albert Lebrun -> Albert Lebrun and Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
 * Political disturbance between left-wingers and right-wingers resulted in a temporary military occupation of Andorra by France and a change in government.


 * 1941 Iran (Allies) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
 * The Soviet Union and the United Kingdom occupied Iran and changed leadership during World War II.


 * 1943 Lebanon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Bechara El Khoury
 * The Free French had liberated Lebanon from the Vichy French regime with British aid and gave independence to Lebanon.


 * 1944 Albania (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> Enver Hoxha
 * Communists liberated Albania from Hitler's Fourth German Army.

The British conquered Ethiopia from Italy and reestablished an independent Ethiopian state.
 * 1944 Ethiopia (Great Britain) George VI -> Haile Selassie
 * 1944 Greece (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> George Papandreou
 * Greek rebels liberated Greece from the Fourth German Army.


 * 1944 Iceland (Allies) Sveinn Björnsson
 * Iceland was conquered by the allies of World War II from denmark and was granted independence.


 * 1944 Luxembourg (Germany) Adolf Hitler -> Charlotte
 * The Luxembourg liberation from the Nazis by the Americans started in 1944.


 * 1944 San Marino (Allies) Francesco Balsimelli and Sanzio Valentini
 * San Marino was temporarily occupied by the Allies of World War II, because the front with Nazi Germany was nearby.


 * 1945 Austria (Allies) Karl Renner
 * Austria was granted independence by the allies of World War II after the war was over.


 * 1945 Denmark (Germany) Karl Dönitz -> Christian X
 * Denmark became independent again after the German surrender at the end of World War II.


 * 1945 Norway (Germany) Karl Dönitz -> Haakon VII
 * Norway became independent again after the German surrender at the end of World War II.


 * 1945 Poland (Soviet Union) Mikhail Kalinin -> Edward Osóbka-Morawski
 * Poland became a communist puppet state of the Soviet Union after the occupation of Poland by the Red Army from Nazi Germany.


 * 1946 Bulgaria (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Vasil Kolarov
 * Bulgaria became a communist puppet state of the Soviet Union after the occupation of Bulgaria by the Red Army.


 * 1946 Jordan (Great Britain) George VI -> Abdullah I
 * Jordan was made independent from the United Kingdom because of the troubles in Palestine. It was officially a part of the united Nations and administered by the UK.


 * 1946 Philippines (United States) Harry Truman -> Manuel Roxas
 * The Philippines were granted independence by the USA.


 * 1947 India (Great Britain) George VI
 * India was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1947 Pakistan (Great Britain) George VI
 * Pakistan was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1947 Romania (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
 * Romania became a communist puppet state of the Soviet Union after an occupation by the Red Army.


 * 1948 Burma (Great Britain) George VI -> Sao Shwe Thaik
 * Burma was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1948 Israel (Great Britain) George VI -> David Ben Gurion
 * Israel declared independence from the United Nations and the United Kingdom, which was the start of a war with the Arab world.


 * 1948 North Korea (Soviet Union) Nikolay Shvernik -> Kim Doo-bong
 * North Korea became a comunist puppet state of the Soviet Union after an occupation by the Red Army.


 * 1948 South Korea (United States) Harry Truman -> Syngman Rhee
 * South Korea was granted independence by the USA.


 * 1948 Sri Lanka (Great Britain) George VI
 * Sri Lanka was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1949 Bhutan (India) George VI -> Jigme Wangchuk
 * Bhutan was granted independence by India.


 * 1949 Indonesia (Netherlands) Juliana -> Sukarno
 * The Netherlands accepted Indonesian independence after a long war of independence.


 * 1949 Laos (France) Vincent Auriol -> Sisavang Vong
 * Laos was granted independence by France to limit the power of the Vietnamese communists.


 * 1951 Libya (Great Britain and France) Idris I
 * Libya was granted independence by the United Kingdom and France which was temporarily occupied due to the developments of the Second World War.


 * 1952 Japan (United States) Harry Truman -> Hirohito
 * Japan was temporarily occupied by the USA because of the Japense conduct during the Second World War.


 * 1956 Hungary (Soviet Union) Kliment Voroshilov -> István Dobi
 * The Red Army occupied Hungary for a regime change out of fear that Hungary would make an end to communism.


 * 1956 Morocco (France and Spain) Mohammed V
 * Morocco was granted independence by France.


 * 1956 Sudan (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Sovereignty Council
 * Sudan was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1956 Tunisia (France) René Coty -> Habib Bourguiba
 * Tunisia was granted independence by France.


 * 1957 Ghana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Ghana was granted independence by the United Kingdom after insistence of local nationalists.


 * 1957 Malaysia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Tuanku Abdul Rahman
 * Malaysia was granted independence by the united Kingdom.


 * 1958 Guinea (France) René Coty -> Ahmed Sékou Touré
 * Guinea was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Benin (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Hubert Maga
 * Benin was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Burkina Faso (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Maurice Yaméogo
 * Burkina Faso was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Cameroon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Ahmadou Ahidjo
 * Cameroon was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Central African Republic (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Paul Camille Bordier
 * The Central African Republic was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Chad (France) Charles de Gaulle -> François Tombalbaye
 * Chad was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Congo-Brazzaville (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Fulbert Youlou
 * Congo-Brazzaville was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Congo-Kinshasa (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Joseph Kasa Vubu
 * Congo-Kinshasa was granted independence by Belgium.


 * 1960 Côte d'Ivoire (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Félix Houphouët-Boigny
 * Côte d'Ivoire was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Cyprus (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Makarios III
 * Cyprus was granted independence by the United Kingdom after a fierce war for independence.


 * 1960 Gabon (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Léon M'ba
 * Gabon was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Madagascar (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Philibert Tsiranana
 * Madagascar was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Mali (Mali Federation) Modibo Keïta
 * The Mali Federation broke down after dissagreements.


 * 1960 Mauritania (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Moktar Ould Daddah
 * Mauritania was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Niger (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Hamani Diori
 * Niger was granted independence by France.


 * 1960 Nigeria (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Nigeria was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1960 Senegal (Mali Federation) Modibo Keïta -> Léopold Sédar Senghor
 * The Mali Federation broke down after dissagreements.


 * 1960 Somalia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
 * Somalia was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1960 Togo (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Sylvanus Olympio
 * Togo was granted independence by France.


 * 1961 Sierra Leone (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Sierra Leone was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1961 Syria (United Arab Republic) Gamal Abdel Nasser -> Maamun al-Kuzbari
 * Syria rebelled versus the United Arab Republic centered in Egypt.


 * 1962 Algeria (France) Charles de Gaulle -> Ahmed Ben Bella
 * France accepted Algerian independence after a bloody independence war.


 * 1962 Burundi (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng
 * Burundi was granted independence by Belgium.


 * 1962 Rwanda (Belgium) Baudouin I -> Grégoire Kayibanda
 * Rwanda was granted independence by Belgium.


 * 1962 Jamaica (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Jamaica was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1962 Samoa (New Zealand) Elizabeth II -> Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tupua Tamasese
 * Samoa was granted independence by New Zealand.


 * 1962 Trinidad and Tobago (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Trinidad and Tobago was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1963 Kenya (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Kenya was granted independence by the United Kingdom after a fierce independence war.


 * 1964 Malawi (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Malawi was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1964 Malta (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Malta was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1964 Tanzania (Tanganyika and Zanzibar) Julius Nyerere
 * Tanzania was founded after a Tanganyika and Zazibar decided to merge together.


 * 1964 Zambia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Kenneth Kaunda
 * Zambia was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1965 Maldives (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Muhammad Fareed Didi
 * The Maldives were granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1965 Singapore (Malaysia) Tuanku Syed Putra -> Encik Yusof bin Ishak
 * Singapore was granted independence by Malaysia.


 * 1965 Rhodesia, present Zimbabwe (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Rhodesia declared itself independent of the United Kingdom in protest against the British policy against apartheid.


 * 1965 The Gambia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * The Gambia was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1966 Barbados (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Barbados was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1966 Botswana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Seretse Khama
 * Botswana was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1966 Guyana (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Guyana was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1966 Lesotho (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Moshoeshoe II
 * Lesotho was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1968 Equatorial Guinea (Spain) Francisco Franco -> Francisco Macías Nguema
 * Equatorial Guinea was granted independence by Spain.


 * 1968 Mauritius (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Mauritius was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1968 Nauru (Australia) Elizabeth II -> Hammer DeRoburt
 * Nauru was granted independence by Australia.


 * 1968 Swaziland (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Sobhuza II
 * Swaziland was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1970 Fiji (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Fiji was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1970 Tonga (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Taufa'ahau Tupou IV
 * Tonga was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1971 Bahrain (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa
 * Bahrain was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1971 Bangladesh (Pakistan) Yahya Khan -> Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
 * Bangladesh rebelled versus Pakistan after a flood killed hundred thousands of East Pakistani. India supported the rebels and invaded East Pakistan (Bangladesh).


 * 1971 Oman (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Qaboos bin Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id
 * Oman was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1971 Qatar (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Ahmad ibn `Ali Al Thani
 * Qatar was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1971 United Arab Emirates (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan
 * The United Arab Emirates were granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1973 Guinea Bissau (Portugal) Américo Thomaz -> Luís Cabral
 * Guinea Bissau was granted independence by Portugal.


 * 1973 The Bahamas (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * The Bahamas were granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1975 Angola (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Agostinho Neto
 * Angolan independence was accepted by Portugal after a fierce war for independence.


 * 1975 Cape Verde (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Aristides Pereira
 * Cape Verde was granted independence by Portugal.


 * 1975 Comoros (France) Valéry Giscard d'Estaing -> Ahmed Abdallah
 * The Comoros were granted independence by France.


 * 1975 Mozambique (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Samora Machel
 * Mozambique independence was accepted by Portugal after a fierce war for independence.


 * 1975 Papua New Guinea (Australia) Elizabeth II
 * Papua New Guinea was granted independence by Australia.


 * 1975 São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal) Francisco da Costa Gomes -> Manuel Pinto da Costa
 * São Tomé and Príncipe was granted independence by Portugal.


 * 1975 Suriname (Netherlands) Juliana -> Johan Ferrier
 * Suriname was granted independence by the Netherlands.


 * 1976 Seychelles (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> James Mancham
 * The Seychelles were granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1976 Vietnam (North and South Vietnam) Ton Duc Thang
 * Vietnam was reestablished after the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam, with huge popular support of the South Vietnamese population.


 * 1977 Djibouti (France) Valéry Giscard d'Estaing -> Hassan Gouled Aptidon
 * Djibouti was granted independence by France.


 * 1978 Afghanistan (Soviet Union) Leonid Brezhnev -> Babrak Karmal
 * The Soviet Union changed the Afghani regime to ensure that communism would last in Afghanistan.


 * 1978 Dominica (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Louis Cools-Lartigue
 * Dominica was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1978 Solomon Islands (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * The Solomon Islands were granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1978 Tuvalu (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Tuvalu was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1979 Cambodia (Vietnam) Ton Duc Thang -> Heng Samrin
 * Cambodia was temporarily occupied by Vietnam to make an end to the regime of the Khmer Rouge.


 * 1979 Kiribati (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Ieremia Tabai
 * Kiribati was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1979 Saint Lucia (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Saint Lucia was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1979 Uganda (Tanzania) Julius Nyerere -> Yusuf Lule
 * Uganda was temporarily occupied by Tanzania to make an end to the regime of Idi Amin.


 * 1980 Vanuatu (France and Great Britain) George Kalkoa
 * Vanuatu was granted independence by France and the United Kingdom.


 * 1981 Antigua and Barbuda (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Antigua and Barbuda was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1981 Belize (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Belize was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1983 Grenada (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Elizabeth II
 * Grenada was temporarily occupied by the USA out of fear for communism.


 * 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis (Great Britain) Elizabeth II
 * Saint Kitts and Nevis was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1984 Brunei (Great Britain) Elizabeth II -> Hassanal Bolkiah
 * Brunei was granted independence by the United Kingdom.


 * 1986 Marshall Islands (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Amata Kabua
 * The Marshall Islands were granted independence by the USA.


 * 1986 Federated States of Micronesia (United States) Ronald Reagan -> Tosiwo Nakayama
 * The Federated States of Micronesia were granted independence by the USA.


 * 1989 Panama (United States) George Bush -> Francisco Rodríguez
 * The USA replaced CIA-agent and drug mobster Norriega by a democratically elected president.


 * 1990 Germany (East and West Germany) Helmut Kohl
 * East and West Germany decided to merge together and reestablish Germany.


 * 1990 Lithuania (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Vytautas Landsbergis
 * Lithuania declared itslef independent from the Soviet Union.


 * 1990 Namibia (South Africa) Frederik Willem de Klerk -> Sam Nujoma
 * Namibia was granted independence by South Africa.


 * 1990 Yemen (North and South Yemen) Ali Abdullah Saleh
 * North Yemen conquered South Yemen and established the state Yemen.


 * 1991 Armenia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Levon Ter-Petrossian
 * Armenia became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Azerbaijan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Ayaz Mutalibov
 * Azerbaijan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Belarus (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Stanislav Shushkevich
 * Belarus became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Croatia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Franjo Tuđman
 * Croatia declared itself independent of Yugoslavia and had to fight for its independence for a few years.


 * 1991 Estonia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Arnold Rüütel
 * Estonia declared independence from the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Georgia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Zviad Gamsakhurdia
 * Georgia became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Kazakhstan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Nursultan Nazarbayev
 * Kazakhstan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Kuwait (Iraq) Saddam Hussein -> Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
 * Kuwait was liberated by a worldwide coalition versus Iraq, which had occupied the country.


 * 1991 Kyrgyzstan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Askar Akayev
 * Kyrgyzstan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Latvia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Anatolijs Gorbunovs
 * Latvia declared independence from the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Macedonia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Kiro Gligorov
 * Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia.


 * 1991 Moldova (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Mircea Snegur
 * Moldova became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Russia (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Boris Yeltsin
 * Russia declared independence from the Soviet Union, which meant the end of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Slovenia (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Milan Kučan
 * Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia and had to fight for it.


 * 1991 Tajikistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Rakhmon Nabiyev
 * Tajikistan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Turkmenistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Saparmurat Niyazov
 * Turkmenistan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Ukraine (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Leonid Kravchuk
 * Ukraine became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1991 Uzbekistan (Soviet Union) Mikhail Gorbachev -> Islom Karimov
 * Uzbekistan became independent after the devolution of the Soviet Union.


 * 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Yugoslavia) Slobodan Milošević -> Alija Izetbegović
 * Bosnia and Hercegovina plunged into a civil war after a declaration of independence by the Bosnian muslims.


 * 1993 Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia) Jan Stráský -> Václav Havel
 * Czechoslavokia was devolved into Czech Republic and Slovakia.


 * 1993 Eritrea (Ethiopia) Meles Zenawi -> Isaias Afewerki
 * Ethiopia granted independence to Eritrea.


 * 1993 Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) Jan Stráský -> Vladimír Mečiar
 * Czechoslavokia was devolved into Czech Republic and Slovakia.


 * 1994 Haiti (United States) Bill Clinton -> Jean-Bertrand Aristide
 * Haiti was temporarily occupied by the USA to end a rogue regime.


 * 1994 Palau (United States) Bill Clinton -> Kuniwo Nakamura
 * Palau was granted independence by the USA.


 * 2002 East Timor (Indonesia) Megawati Sukarnoputri -> Xanana Gusmão
 * Indonesia accepted independence of East Timor after a huge uproar.


 * 2004 Iraq (United States) George Bush -> Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
 * Iraq was temporarily occupied by the USA to ensure oil robbery, the Iraqi regime was changed.


 * 2006 Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro) Svetozar Marović -> Filip Vujanović
 * Montenegro and Serbia decided to make an end to Serbia and Montenegro.


 * 2006 Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro) Svetozar Marović -> Boris Tadić
 * Montenegro and Serbia decided to make an end to Serbia and Montenegro.


 * 2011 South Sudan (Sudan) Omar al-Bashir -> Salva Kiir Mayardit
 * After years of civil war and a few years of autonomy.

Independence, alternative list of countries by date of