User:Dabyrne123/sandbox

I will be editing the page for Narcissistic Personality disorder, more specifically focusing on the Treatments and Society and Culture portions of the article.

Below is a beginning list of my sources:

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1519417-treatment

https://infogram.com/narcissismapd-in-pop-culture-1g8djp9ljz19pyw

http://www.stomponstep1.com/personality-disorder-types-borderline-narcissistic-antisocial-histrionic-schizoid-schizo/

https://www.psychologyinaction.org/psychology-in-action-1/2013/10/31/personality-disorders-in-the-media

Cooper, A. M., & Ronningstam, E. (1992). Narcissistic personality disorder. American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, 11, 80-97.

PLEASE NOTE I HAD TO CHANGE TOPIC TO ASPD

My largest contribution to the Wikipedia article “Antisocial Personality disorder” was a “Popular Culture” that I completely added new to the article: Antisocial personality disorder is depicted in 23% of all Academy Award winning movies that depict a mental disorder.[93] One of the most famed cases of antisocial personality disorder in popular culture would be that of British cultural icon, Sherlock Holmes as he is often portrayed to lack empathy, be manipulative, egocentric, and impulsive. [94] Another famous example of what appears to be Antisocial personality disorder in film is Michael Douglas's portrayal of Gordon Gekko in Wall Street (1987 film) in which Gekko sees other people as a means to his ends and attacks when threatened. Gekko is known for the famous quote in the film "Greed is Good", which is a simple quote that is indicative of his ASPD. [95] Patrick Bateman in American Psycho (film) is a serial killer who shows clear signs of Antisocial Personality disorder. In various scenes within the film Bateman is shown lacking severe impulse control through his killings and sexual activity with prostitutes.[96]

To better improve the article, I added a brief paragraph in the comorbidity section:

Studies have also shown that in male patients the incidence of antisocial personality disorder tends to be around 40-50% in alcohol and opiate addicts. [67] Female substance abusers have much lower cases of antisocial personality disorder than men. However, it should be noted that few or no studies have tested gender differences in the full array of criteria for the diagnosis of ASPD, but it is these differences at the criterion level that differ the diagnostic rates.[68]

I also added a sentence to the treatment section in an existing paragraph. My sentence is highlighted below:

ASPD is considered to be among the most difficult personality disorders to treat. Rendering an effective treatment for ASPD is further complicated due to the inability to look at comparative studies between psychopathy and ASPD due to differing diagnostic criteria, differences in defining and measuring outcomes and a focus on treating incarcerated patients rather than those in the community. [69] [70][71][verification needed] Because of their very low or absent capacity for remorse, individuals with ASPD often lack sufficient motivation and fail to see the costs associated with antisocial acts.[70] They may only simulate remorse rather than truly commit to change: they can be seductively charming and dishonest, and may manipulate staff and fellow patients during treatment.[72][verification needed] Studies have shown that outpatient therapy is not likely to be successful, but the extent to which persons with ASPD are entirely unresponsive to treatment may have been exaggerated.[73]

Popular culture
Antisocial personality disorder is depicted in 23% of all Academy Award winning movies that depict a mental disorder.

One of the most famed cases of antisocial personality disorder in popular culture would be that of British cultural icon, Sherlock Holmes as he is often portrayed to lack empathy, be manipulative, egocentric, and impulsive.

Another famous example of what appears to be Antisocial personality disorder in film is Michael Douglas's portrayal of Gordon Gekko in Wall Street (1987 film) in which Gekko sees other people as a means to his ends and attacks when threatened. Gekko is known for the famous quote in the film "Greed is Good", which is a simple quote that is indicative of his ASPD.

Patrick Bateman in American Psycho (film) is a serial killer who shows clear signs of Antisocial Personality disorder. In various scenes within the film Bateman is shown lacking severe impulse control through his killings and sexual activity with prostitutes.


 * MY ADDITION TO COMORBIDITY****

Studies have also shown that in male patients the incidence of antisocial personality disorder tends to be around 40-50% in alcohol and opiate addicts. Female substance abusers have much lower cases of antisocial personality disorder than men. However, it should be noted that few or no studies have tested gender differences in the full array of criteria for the diagnosis of ASPD, but it is these differences at the criterion level that differ the diagnostic rates.

Rendering an effective treatment for ASPD is further complicated due to the inability to look at comparative studies between psychopathy and ASPD due to differing diagnostic criteria, differences in defining and measuring outcomes and a focus on treating incarcerated patients rather than those in the community.
 * MY ADDITION TO TREATMENT****