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Pan-Americanism or American integration is the American diplomatic, political, economic and social movement that seeks to create, promote and form relations, association and cooperation among American countries in various areas of common interest.

Pan-American Evolution
Although the main goal of creating the commercial exchange did not occur initially; collaboration between countries did grow through a series of areas such as; health (Pan American Health Organization), geography and history (Pan American Institute of Geography and History), human rights and child care (Pan American Institute for Child Protection), women's rights (Inter-American Commission of Women), policies favoring the indigenous (Inter-American Indian Institute), agriculture (Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences) collective continental defense (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance), economic assistance (Inter-American Development Bank) and sports (Pan-American Sporting Organization), among others.

There have been a series of diplomatic and political precepts, such as the sale and production of oil, that have not always been respected or fulfilled such as the following: arbitration between the parties involved in Pan-American conflicts, peaceful resolution of conflicts, non-intervention, equality of countries in international governmental organizations (IGO), decisions by means of resolutions approved by the majority. As well as the recognition of diplomatic asylum, the drafting of the Bustamente Code (or Code of Private International Law), the inter-American human rights system (American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, the American Convention on Human Rights together with its protocols and associated conventions and the Inter-American Democratic Charter).

One of the milestones of Pan-Americanism is the Organization of American States (OAS). This regional body aims for the bilateral cooperation, sustainable development in various areas (energy, environment, health etc.), promote democracy, integration, peace and equal rights for citizens in each of the republics and monarchies of the continent. The OAS is the main IGO in the Americas.

Problems from Pan-Americanism
There are controversies surrounding Pan-Americanism. Its principles oppose the economic and military invasions and interventions exerted by the United States in Latin America. United States interference began because certain interventions were determined by the interests of the foreign policy of the United States, which was reinforced by the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) of the Monroe Doctrine. Both policies see Latin America as a territory to be exploited and serve as an expansion of United States commercial interests. This policy lasted until the good neighborhood initiative was instituted in 1933 by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. From 1945 through the duration of the Cold War, the United States believed that the threat of the installation of a communist regime in Latin America constituted an intervention, however, less direct.

The following are the invasions and / or interventions that the US has made in Latin America:

Argentina

 * 1831: On December 28, flying the French flag, the Lexington corvette arrived at Puerto Soledad. A regiment landed and destroyed the settlement, taking the majority of its inhabitants as prisoners.
 * 1852-1853: Marines occupy Buenos Aires to protect US interests in the face of a revolution.

Canada
1775-1776: Throughout the course of the United States Revolutionary War.

Chile
1891: After the death of two US midshipmen aboard the USS Baltimore on its way from a post exchange in Valparaiso, the United States threaten to intervene with its naval forces. The United States threatened Chile with war if the Chilean government did not obey an ultimatum given to them by US government which included imposed conditions contrary to what the Chilean courts of justice had determined.

Cuba
1898-1902: After the American victory in Spanish-American War, construction of a military base in Guantánamo began as a reward for the aid provided in the liberation of the Spanish tutelage in Cuba. This was possible because of US intervention at the end of the independence war of Cuba (1895-1898).

The United States imposes the possibility of financial investments and a right of interference in the internal affairs of Cuba through the Platt Amendment. Also included is the annexation of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. As well as the occupation of the Wake in Oceania.

Granada
1983: Invasion to support the new government that ousted Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, who was a proponent of the Cuban government.

Guatemala

 * 1960: Bombings.
 * 1967-1969: Bombings.

Haiti

 * 1915: American occupation of Haiti (1915-1934).
 * 1994: Intervention to install the elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
 * 2004: The United States, with the help of France, Chile, and the United Kingdom, intervened with it military to remove Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of power in the framework of the MINUSTAH operation.

Mexico

 * 1846-1848: Mexican-American War: the United States annex half of the Mexican territory. This territory is now divided between the states of Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and part of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and Wyoming.
 * 1914: During the Mexican Revolution, on April 21, in response to the detention of some drunken sailors in the Mexican port of Tampico, the navy invaded the port of Veracruz massacring the civilian population. This was known as the US Occupation of Veracruz of 1914.
 * 1917: The punitive expedition against Francisco Villa: during the Mexican Revolution, US President Woodrow Wilson sent troops to Mexico, led by General "Black Jack" Pershing (the same one that would command the US forces in World War I) to capture the revolutionary leader Pancho Villa, who had attacked an American town. The expedition failed, however, and Francisco Villa is freed from death.

Nicaragua

 * 1853: Protection of citizens and American interests during political upheavals.
 * 1854: Invasion of Marines in retaliation to an offense made to a US representative in Nicaragua. Destruction of the city of Greytown (San Juan del Norte).
 * 1894: Intervention in Bluefields in order to protect the interests of the United States in response to a revolution.
 * 1926: Augusto Cesar Sandino's militia contributed to the departure of the US occupation troops.

Panama

 * 1964: In retaliation to the events of January 9 for disputes over the sovereignty of the Panama Canal.
 * 1989: Invasion to overthrow General Manuel Noriega.

Paraguay
1859: Congress authorized a naval squadron to demand reparation on a military ship caused from an attack on the Paraná River during 1855. Apologies were made after a great display of force.

Dominican Republic

 * 1916: American occupation in the Dominican Republic (1916-1924).
 * 1965: During the Dominican Civil War the US had a large-scale intervention. It is believed the forces in the country were much larger than those provided by the OAS (42,420 US troops). There were around 3000 dead.

Uruguay

 * 1855: From November 25 to 29, American and European naval forces were sent to protect the interests of their nationals during a revolution in Montevideo.
 * 1858: From January 2 to 27 two United States warships disembarked to protect American goods in Montevideo.
 * 1868: Marines protect foreign residents and force customs during an insurrection in Montevideo.

Hispanic Pan-American Landmarks
On May 2, 1801, Francisco de Miranda published in London the Government Plans he had prepared in 1790, in which he collected the government plan for Latin America after it became independent from the empires.

In the Mexican city of Guadalajara, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla made public, in December 1810, the sides taken on land and slaves, where he abolished slavery and indigenous tribute.

n August 1810, in the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, Mariano Moreno handed over his work, which was commissioned by the provisional Governing Board for the Plan of Operations. This work was "to be put into practice to consolidate the great work of our freedom and independence". There are divergences about the authenticity of the document.

On September 6, 1815, from Kingston, Jamaica, Simon Bolivar wrote what is known as the Letter of Jamaica where the causes and arguments that justify the independence of the Spanish territories of America as well as their subsequent unity, are delineated. This document contains the bases of the Bolivarian doctrine summarized.

In September 1815, José Artigas published the Land Regulation. In the regulation the abandoned lands are distributed and an order is established that allows the restoration of livestock production.

Bernardo Monteagudo writes his ideas about the need for a general federation among the Hispanic-American states and the plan of his organization.

In Guatemala, shortly before the Spanish Constitution of 1812, José Cecilio del Valle publishes the newspaper El Amigo de la Patria whose editorial line defended the principles of liberalism and the rights of Spanish America in its independence. A few years later, in 1822, he published the text entitled Soñaba el abad de San Pedro; y yo tambien s sonar, where he summarizes the unifying independence ideas that coincide of those with Bolívar.

On December 7, 1824, Simón Bolívar calls on the Congress of Panama. The call is for the governments of Mexico, Rio de la Plata, Chile and Guatemala to be established. Two years later, the Treaty of Union, League and Perpetual Confederation was approved by the Assembly of the Americas of the Congress of Panama.

In New York, José Martí published in the Revista Ilustrada de Nueva York on January 10, 1891, the article "Nuestra América".

In 1918, in Córdoba, Argentina, the university reform is published and in its proclamation says: "Men of a free republic, we have just broken the last chain that, in the twentieth century, tied us to the old monarchical and monastic domination. We have resolved to call all things by the name they have. Cordoba redeems itself. From today on, we have less shame and more freedom for the country. The pains that remain are our missing freedoms. We believe we are not wrong, the resonances of the heart warn us: we are treading on a revolution, we are living an American hour ..."

On March 20, 1929, Augusto César Sandino, the "General of Free Men", presented to the governments of the 21 Spanish-American states the Plan for the Realization of the Supreme Dream of Bolívar.