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Chipilo Venetian Dialect
Chipileño or Chipilo Venetian is a linguistic variant of Veneto, a romance language belonging to the Gallo-Italian group and native to the Veneto region of Northern Italy.

Italian immigrants began arriving in the region at the end of the 19th century, during the Porfiriato. At that time, limited schooling and widespread illiteracy among poorer Italians made the use of the regional Italian languages predominant in both formal and informal contexts in Italy. Italians migrating to Mexico were primarily from northeastern Italy, and a large majority spoke variants of the Venetian language. Although Chipileño is very close to other Venetian dialects, it is the only Venetian dialect spoken in Mexico and can be compared to the Venetian Talian of southern Brazil, another Venetian dialect spoken by non-Italians.

More than 100 years after the arrival of the settlers, the Venetian dialect is widespread throughout its main city and nationwide. This dialect joins other Mexican languages ​​that lack official status, such as Euskera, Galician, Catalan, Plautdietsch, and Romani, among other unrecognized ones, which are spoken by some 6.7 million members of the Mexican population.

 History 

In 1868, Italian immigrants arrived in Mexico, mainly from the town of Segusino, about 60 kilometers northwest of Venice. After this, contact with speakers of the language in their native land and elsewhere was drastically reduced. Since then, the community has maintained its unique culture and language as a linguistic enclave in contact with Spanish. Although the city of Puebla has grown to include the dialect and its speakers, the city of Chipilo remained isolated for much of the 20th century. Because of this, the Chipileños, unlike other European immigrants who arrived in Mexico, did not absorb as much Mexican culture, preserving many of their traditions and their language while mixing with the culture of Mexico as well.

The language and culture were rooted in Mexican soil due to the isolation they had from the local inhabitants, many of whom spoke the indigenous language of Nahuatl and Spanish. Over time, the language was influenced by Mexican Spanish and Nahuatl, due to its contact with other communities near the south of the City of Puebla.

The American linguist Carolyn MacKay wrote Cipilo and Cipilegno when proposing a script for the Venetian dialect that is spoken in this locality. The writer Eduardo Montagner, who was the first to publish a novel in Chipilo Venetian, proposed that the Mexican government include this language in the catalog of minority languages, but has not yet succeeded.

Phonology
In Chipileño there are 21 consonants, one more consonant (/x/) than in Segusino Venetian. The vowels in IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) are the following: Furthermore, there is no longer the opposition between /b/ and /v/ between the younger generations of speakers due to the influence of Spanish..

Grammar
The Chipilo Venetian follows the common word order of Romance languages, subject-verb-object. This is used in common declarative clauses, although the subject after the verb is common as well. Nonetheless, the language presents SVO order as the least marked and most common.

Articles are divided into definite and indefinite. The definite articles of this variant are:


 * al 'the' (masculine singular)'
 * i 'the' (masculine plural)
 * la 'the' (feminine singular)
 * le 'the' (feminine plural)

Indefinite articles are:


 * an 'a', (masculine singular)
 * ni 'some' (masculine plural)
 * na 'a', or 'some'. (feminine singular and plural)

The independent personal pronouns in Chipileño have their own accent. These are:


 * me 'I', tí 'you' (informal)'
 * vú 'you' (formal)'
 * lú 'he' (informal)
 * éla 'her' (formal)
 * nuatri 'we' (formal)
 * nuatre 'us' (formal)
 * vuatri 'you (masculine) '
 * vuatre 'you (feminine) '
 * luri 'they' (plural)
 * ele 'them' (plural).

Writing Systems
There have been several attempts to establish a writing system for Chipileño but none have been successful. One system was created by Carolyn MacKay, an American linguist who conducted graduate research at the University of the Americas in Cholula. Her proposed system, based entirely on the Italian alphabet, was published in a book entitled Il dialetto Veneto di Segusino e Chipilo. This system has been used in some publications made by Chipileños, but it has not been widely accepted due to the notable differences between Venetian and Italian phonemes. Most speakers use the Spanish system they learn in school. However, Eduardo Montagner has suggested the standardization of a writing system based on the Spanish alphabet.

Comparative lexicographic table
Below is a list of cognates of several Romance languages related to the Chipileño dialect. This allows us to recognize the closest relationships and phonological evolution:

Literature
The novel Al prim (The first), written by Eduardo Montagner Anguiano, is the first prose book written in Veneto Chipileño. With this work, great steps have been taken in the graphization of a minority language that was in the process of disappearing. Montagner also writes poetry in Chipileño. In 2010, he published Ancora fon ora, a compilation of his stories and poems in chipileño.

Other Resources
References
 * Chipilo
 * Veneto
 * Languages of Mexico
 * Talian
 * Italian Immigration to Mexico