User:Dancingdebi09/sandbox

I am very interested in scientific related topics such as reproductive healthcare within Women and Gender Studies. I am also interested in how degrading language pertaining to females has evolved, in text messages, songs and everyday conversation, and become so normalized. An article by the American Academy of Pediatrics titled "Policy Statement—Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth" has very useful information on how music lyrics begin to cause behavioral and attitude shifts in children that affect their future actions.

Annotated Bibliography:
Annotated Bibliography for work on [The Effects of Sexually Violent Rock Music on Males' Acceptance of Violence Against Women]:

Lawrence, J. S. S., & Joyner, D. J. (1991). The Effects of Sexually Violent Rock Music on Males’ Acceptance of Violence against Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15(1), 49–63. Retrieved from http://echo.louisville.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12440026&site=ehost-live

Lawrence, Janet S.St., and Doris J. Joyner. “The Effects of Sexually Violent Rock Music on Males’ Acceptance of Violence against Women.” Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 1, Mar. 1991, pp. 49–63. EBSCOhost, echo.louisville.edu/login?url= https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12440026&site=ehost-live.

This research article published in the Psychology of Women Quarterly outlined the results of an experiment conducted to determine is and how sexually violent rock music alters males attitudes and behaviors. The experiment involved exposing males to sexually violent heavy-metal rock music, Christian heavy-metal rock music, or easy-listening classical music for one month. Both before and after the experiment began the subjects were given a variety of surveys about their attitudes towards women. The results seem to be in favor of the notion that exposure to heavy-metal rock music is a factor that leads to males stereotyping and thinking negatively of women. This source was beneficial to this project as it showed a specific study of rock music and how it affected males views of females.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [Policy Statement—Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth]:

Policy Statement--Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth. (2009). Pediatrics, 124(5), 1488–1494. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2145

“Policy Statement--Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth.” Pediatrics, vol. 124, no. 5, Nov. 2009, pp. 1488–1494. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2145.

"Policy Statement—Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth", an article published through the American Academy of Pediatrics, takes a plethora of survey results and experiments and groups information together to give multiple examples of factual evidence that suggests that music does have a great impact on behavior specifically of children and youth. The publication discusses the high prevalence of music in daily lives, the typical lyric content of modern songs, the lack of parental advisement on music children are listening to and possible behavioral outcomes resulting from specific types of music. Each aspect of discussion is paired with multiple study results strengthening credibility and also conveniently providing an outlet to many sources that are also useful for this project.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [Heavy metal music and reckless behavior among adolescents]

Arnett, J. J Youth Adolescence (1991) 20: 573. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537363

This article featured in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence explains the results of a study conducted by a researcher from the University of Virginia. The study compared the behaviors of adolescent males and females who either liked heavy metal music or disliked heavy metal music. The results showed that when compared to adolescent males who did not like heavy metal music, those who liked heavy metal had a higher occurrence of deviant behaviors. These behaviors included sexual misconduct, substance abuse and family issues. This proposes the idea that a liking for heavy metal can cause negative behavioral trends in listeners. This was a useful study because it showed specific behavioral trends with a specific genre of music rather than a general claim that music can affect behavior.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [12 Songs That Are Actually Full Of Super Misogynistic Lyrics]

Lulic, Michelle. "12 Songs With Lyrics That Are Totally Misogynistic". Bustle. Retrieved 2018-10-23.

This article written by Michelle Lulic, featured in the online women's magazine Bustle, examines song lyrics from twelve popular songs. It provides clips of song lyrics that range from having subtle misogynistic lyrics to ones that have quite explicit exploitive lyrics that are degrading to females. The article also discusses what constitutes misogynistic lyrics and how it is easy to overlook the content of lyrics. This article was helpful as it provided a popular song examples that could relate to the idea of how song lyrics can factor into the exploitation of women in mass media.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 Yr-olds]

"Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 Yr-olds". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 27 February 2005. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

The Kaiser Family Foundation is a group that both researches and publishes information relevant to national health issues. This article explains the results of a survey given to almost 700 self-selected adolescents who reported how much time they spend with specific types of media each day. The responses showed that 85% of youth ages 8-18 listen to music each day. This was quite useful as it was a large survey that demonstrated how frequently children and adolescents listen to media sources such as music. It reported the percentage of each genre of music that the respondents listened to each day.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [SURVEY OF MUSIC INFORMATION NEEDS, USES, AND SEEKING BEHAVIOURS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS]

Lee, Jin Ha; Downie, J. Stephen (2004). "Survey of Music Information Needs, Uses, and Seeking Behaviours: Preliminary Findings". Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

The results of this published survey, conducted as a part of the Human Use of Music Information Retrieval Systems (HUMIRS) project through the University of Pennsylvania, was helpful in finding statistics about how frequently people listen to music. The survey belonged to Jin Ha Lee and J. Stephen Downie, both employed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science. A questionnaire was randomly given to two different groups, one being the students and staff of UIUC and the other to the general population of people over 18 years old. The preliminary findings showed that 73.1% of respondents identified themselves as being "avid listeners" of music. There were lots of more detailed statistics, however, this general data about the consumption of music was helpful for establishing the base of the music sub-section.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings]

Anderson, Craig A.; Carnagey, Nicholas L.; Eubanks, Janie (2003). "Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84 (5): 960–971. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.960. ISSN 1939-1315.

Researchers Craig A. Anderson, Nicholas L. Carnagey and Janie Eubanks conducted a study to see the effect of songs with violent lyrics on listeners. This was done in a series of five experiments with different methodologies. The main conclusion drawn from the results was the notion that college students felt more hostile after listening to a violent song that the students who heard a similar song with non-violent lyrics. Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 5 all supported this conclusion. This study provides an interesting example of how music may affect behaviors and of the recent research being done into the effects music may have on society.

Annotated Bibliography for work on [Music Preference, Social Identity, and Self-Esteem]

Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal,  Vol. 32  No. 5,  June 2015; (pp. 507-514) DOI: 10.1525/mp.2015.32.5.507

This study published in the journal Music Perception by authors Daniel Shepherd and Nicola Sigg employs a unique perspective when examining how music preference correlates to self-esteem and identity. A self-esteem scale test and a questionnaire about music preference was given to 199 college students and the results showed that clusters of music genres correlated with a specific range of self-esteem scores. This source is very useful as it approaches this subject through a lens of Social Identity Theory and concluded with very significant propositions.

'''Annotated Bibliography for work on [What’s the Rap About Ecstasy? Popular Music Lyrics and Drug Trends Among American Youth]'''

Diamond, Sarah; Bermudez, Rey; Schensul, Jean (May 2006). "What's the Rap About Ecstasy? Popular Music Lyrics and Drug Trends Among American Youth". Journal of Adolescent Research. 21 (3): 269–298. doi:10.1177/0743558406287398. Retrieved 2018-10-08 – via citeseerx.ist.psu.edu.

This research about the correlation of drug trends with rap music popularity was conducted by Sarah Diamond, Rey Bermudez and Jean Schensul through the Institute for Community Research. There was a significant increase in the occurrence of music lyrics about illicit drug use in the late 1990's. This study evaluates rap music from 1996-2003 along with the ecstasy trends in the United States. The main point of the article is that drug trends did vastly increase as rap and hip/hop artists increasingly sang about drugs. The authors go on to explain how this should be alarming as it relates to public health and safety especially of youth and minority groups. This article is another that provides unique study results that support the claim that music can drastically affect peoples behaviors.

Workspace for Contribution:
A survey conducted as a part of the Human Use of Music Information Retrieval Systems (HUMIRS) project found that 73.1% of respondents identified themselves as being "avid listeners" of music. Popular music often contains messages about women that involve misogyny, sexual violence and abuse.

Listeners are often absorbing messages exploiting women without it being obvious. There are multiple online articles that seek to expose songs that have misogynistic undertones woven throughout them. For example, an article featured in Bustle provided a clip of lyrics from the song "Fine China" by Chris Brown. He sings "It's alright, I'm not dangerous / When you're mine, I'll be generous / You're irreplaceable; Collectible / Just like fine China." The article went on to conclude that the song was demeaning to women by referring to them as objects or possessions.

Music is a key factor in the socialization of children. Children and adolescents often turn to music lyrics as an outlet away from loneliness or as a source of advice and information. The results of a study through A Kaiser Family Foundation Study in 2005 showed that 85% of youth ages 8-18 listen to music each day. While music is commonly thought of as only a means of entertainment, studies have found that music is often chosen by youth because it mirrors their own feelings and the content of the lyrics is important to them. Numerous studies have been conducted to research how music influences listeners behaviors and beliefs. For example, a study featured in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence found that when compared to adolescent males who did not like heavy metal music, those who liked heavy metal had a higher occurrence of deviant behaviors. These behaviors included sexual misconduct, substance abuse and family issues.