User:Darkknight1840/sandbox

Scirpophaga incertulus is a monophagus pest of paddy which is the most destructive pest and found almost all region of world.Symptoms of this pest is characterised by "dead heart" in at vegetative stage and "white ear" in panicle at reproductive stage.

SYMPTOMS: Presence of white coloured egg mass near the leaf tip.In vegetative stage larva enters the stem and feeds on growing shoot and causes drying of the central shoot known as "dead heart".In grown up plant whole ear heads become dried and yield chaffy grains called as white ear.

IDENTIFICATION OF PEST: EGG:Eggs may be creamy white,flattened,oval and laid in a mass which is covered with buff coloured hairs.They are laid mostly near the tip of leaves.Egg period is 5 to 8 days PUPA:White silken cocoon,pupation takes place inside the rice stem,straw or stubble.Pupal period is 8 to 10 days

ADULT FEMALE MOTH:Has bright yellowish brown with a black spot at the centre of the forewings and tuft of yellow hairs at the anal region. MALE MOTH:Smaller with pale yellow forewings without black spot.

MANAGEMENT STRAGIES : Cultural Methods:��Field should be necessarily be scouted during the vulnerable crop growth stages for early detection of dead hearts and white ear. Removal and proper disposal of stubbles will keep the borer population low in next crop. Grow resistant varieties like Ratna, TKM 6, IR 20, IR 40, IR 56, ADT 47, ADT 48, ASD 20, IR 36, ADT 44, PY 4, ADT 46, Madhu, Kanchana, Swarnapraba, karthika, Deepthi and Tellahamsa. Clip the tip of the seedlings before transplanting to eliminate egg masses. Collect and destroy the egg masses. Avoid close planting and continuous water stagnation at early stages. Pull out and destroy the affected tillers. Harvest the crop up to the ground level and disturb the stubbles with plough immediately after the harvest to keep the borer population low in next crop

CHEMICAL METHODS: ETL : 2 egg masses/m2 (or) 10% dead heart at vegetative stage (or) 2% White ear at Flowering stage.�� When natural enemies of stem borers are present, application of chemical measures can be delayed or dispensed with.�� The newly hatched borer larvae must be flit with 2 rounds of quinalphos or phosphomidon at 1000ml/ha at 7 days interval.�� Spray any one of the following based on ETLs : �Monocrotophos 36 SL 1000 ml/ha (or) Quinalphos 25 EC 1000 ml/ha (or) Phosphamidon 40 SL 600 ml/ha (or) Profenophos 50 EC 1000 ml/ha

TRAP METHODS: Set up one light trap/5 ha to attract and kill the moths. Set up bird perches to encourage bird predators. Use sex pheromone trap for the control of rice stem borer. Monitor through pheromone traps (@ 10 to 12/ha) for timely control measures. Change the lure at 15-20 days intervals