User:Darmenda/sandbox

Article Evaluation (Week 3)

Article: Pueblo Revolt

User:Mel Eliasyan/sandbox
 * 1) the article mentions raids that were being led by other Indigenous groups and it does not relate much to the main idea of the article as a whole. Additionally, this is stated in a subheading "background" but is still irrelevant to the article as it has little significance.
 * 2) the article adds some of the Indigenous groups that did not join in on the revolt, which does not need to be added because it already speaks about the Indigenous groups who assembled in order to revolt. They also mention that the groups that did not join were more a part of Spanish culture. This is a distraction from the main focus which is the revolt.
 * 3) the article is highly neutral talking about the revolt with no opinionated statements, but rather presenting vast amounts of information about the revolt with no bias.
 * 4) the article uses many sources to bolster the facts and be more reliable.The links work and the sources are informative with no bias on the topic.
 * 5) the article is part of 3 different WikiProjects. The talk page shows editors making changes to the article. Some of the changes go from small grammatical errors to errors in false information. A conversation touches base on editing the article to make it unbiased.
 * 6) the article relates to what we learned in class about the Pueblo Revolt, however, with a lot more in depth information.

(the bolded was already in the article)

'''Hispanic and Latino Texans are residents of the state of Texas who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 38.2% of the state's population. 39.6% of Texans are of Mexican descent, accounting for 88% of Hispanics in Texas. ''' Moreover, the U.S Census shows that the 2010 estimated Hispanic population in Texas was 9.7 million and increased to 11.1 million in 2017 with a calculated 18% change from the 2010 Hispanic population estimate.

History (Hispanics and Latinos in Texas editing)

Origins
'''The first European to see Texas was Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition for the governor of Jamaica, Francisco de Garay, in 1520. While searching for a passage between the Gulf of Mexico and Asia, Álvarez de Pineda created the first map of the northern Gulf Coast. This map is the earliest recorded document of Texas history. ''' Moreover, the area of present day Texas was claimed by Spain at this time.

Years later on June 1527, an expedition led by Pánfilo de Narváez and Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca with the purpose of reaching Florida in order to build a city, resulted in a failed mission due to harsh weather and disease. Instead, the Spanish explorers were left shipwrecked off the coast of Texas where the Spanish lived for around six years. After the years spent living in Texas among Indigenous civilization, Narvaez and Cabeza de Baca along with some of their men, found their way back to Mexico City in 1536 and told stories about the extravagancies witnessed in the north. Learning about this, the Spanish set out due north in 1539 with the purpose of discovering riches in places yet to be explored. One of the primary motives for the excursions was for the discovery of gold.

The excursion of the Spanish in 1539 into the north or what is today Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, was led by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado. On July 7, 1540, Coronado's army reached the outskirts of the rumored city of much gold, Cibola, near upper Rio Grande where the Spanish encountered massive resistance from Puebloans. The violence between the Spanish and the Puebloans continued at Cibola until the Puebloan soldiers inhabiting Cibola were forced to leave to a village where their wives and children had moved to for shelter.

When the fighting settled, Coronado decided to explore the land more extendedly, which was when one of the expeditions arrived at Texas in 1541 where they encountered groups of people from the Caddo tribe, leading to more events of violence. After all, Coronado returned to New Spain on April 1542 an informed about the cruel reality of the cities in the north that were explored, describing them as not having any gold or silver. Soon after this, the Spanish decided to remain away from the north or the present day southwest region of the United States for approximately 150 years, though expeditions led by Spaniards and not authorized by Spain did take place within those years. Until 1688, Spain essentially remained out of Texas.

Around 1688, the Spanish learned about French interventions occurring in the area of Texas, land that had already been claimed by Spain. This led to the actions taken by Spaniard Alonso de León, the then governor of Coahuila, to march into Texas towards Fort St. Louis. Fort St. Louis was the location where the French were set up. On April 1689, Alonso de Leon arrived with his army ready to take down the French fort and looking for any remaining French in the area. During the time there, de Leon was informed by some of the located French that the Karankawa people had attacked them and left the fort in ruins, forcing the French to flee. A year after going back to New Spain, de Leon returned to Texas because he was concerned about the French returning to Spanish territory. Spanish activity in Texas remained minimal and only returned when the French attempted to intervene.

In 1690 when de Leon returned to Texas, he had with him an army of about 100 men made up of soldiers and priests and built the first church in Texas, named San Francisco de los Tejas. The construction of this church was a major stepping stone for Spain as Spanish Texas was headed to become an area of greater importance for Spain. After San Francisco de los Tejas was established, the construction of many more missions followed, such as Mision Nuestra Senora del Rosario and Nuestra Senora del Refugio. A year later in January 1691, Domingo Terán de los Ríos was appointed to be the governor of Spanish Texas. Throughout the construction of various churches, the Spanish had interactions with different Indigenous groups. Soon enough, interracial marriages led to the development of different races such as mestizo s, criollos, and culebras/mulattos. This led to the development of the Caste system in Texas and throughout the southwest United States. During this time, Spain faced problems with the French, the Natives, and with also with each other. With years passing by, the occurrence of other events such as the American Revolution in 1775, led to more problems in Texas. Soon enough, Spain would have to face the ever-growing United States and the Mexican population while having problems with the Natives and the French.

Mexico declared its independence from Spain on September 16, 1810 and war ended on September 26, 1821. Because of Mexico's independence from Spain, Texas became the property of Mexico. Around this time, the United States had obtained massive amounts of land from France through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In addition, under Mexican law, Texas was available for anyone to move to and also offered land grants to empresario s. During this time, the population of Texas grew quickly. The population was not only Mexican but also included United States citizens, Native Americans and enslaved people. When people residing in Texas did not agree with Mexican law and did not follow the law, Mexico ended all immigration into Texas. Such events led to the Texas Independence which then led to the annexation of Texas and then to the Mexican–American War.

On February 2, 1848 the peace treaty, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, was signed between Mexico and the United States which essentially gave the United States much of the land that was owned by Mexico in the north and established the Rio Grande River as the border between Texas and Mexico. Moreover, Hispanics and Latinxs already living in the territory that became of the United States, were given the opportunity to stay and obtain United States citizenship. While many chose to leave to their home country, many also decided to stay.

The major immigration of Mexicans into Texas began during the 1890s due to the growth and Industrialisation aspect of Texas that created a plethora of jobs.