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Lawson Sandbox China Mobile Sandbox 2013 $45 million ATM Cyber Looting Sandbox

What I have done: Lawson: Created Infobox with updated information Added one picture (logo)

China Mobile: Updated Infobox with 2013 data Translated 3 major events from the Chinese Wikipedia Page Added 6 additional references to newspaper sources Added 8 additional links to Wikipedia Pages

ATM Heist: Updated page with the latest information Originally 53 words, now 511. Added in new references from multiple news sources Add 10 additional links to Wikipedia pages

Lawson


Lawson, Inc. (株式会社ローソン Kabushiki Kaisha Rōson, tyo: 2651) is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan. The store originated in the United States, the state of Ohio, but today exists as a Japanese company and is the second largest convenience store chain in the country behind 7-Eleven.

The Japanese company has its headquarters in East Tower of Gate City Ohsaki in Ōsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo.

Origins in Ohio
In 1939, a dairy owner named J.J. Lawson started a store at his Broad Boulevard dairy plant in Cuyahoga Falls, near Akron, Ohio, to sell his milk. The Lawson's Milk Company grew to a chain of stores, primarily in Ohio. Lawson was bought out by Consolidated Foods in 1959. Lawson's convenience stores were common in Ohio from the 1960s through the mid-1980s.

Consolidated was renamed Sara Lee in 1985. At about the same time, Lawson's stores in the United States were sold to Dairy Mart, a smaller chain of convenience stores located in Enfield, Connecticut. Dairy Mart moved its headquarters to Cuyahoga Falls, renamed the Lawson's stores, and operated the chain as Dairy Mart for the next 17 years. Under Dairy Mart, the chain was not without controversy. Dairy Mart was sued by the American Family Association, after a Dairy Mart manager in Ohio complained that the company's policy of selling pornography subjected her to sexual and religious harassment. The court case, Stanley v. Lawson Co., gained fame as a test of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

In 2002, Alimentation Couche-Tard of Laval, Quebec bought the assets and name of Dairy Mart. Most of the former Dairy Mart stores — many of which were either originally Lawson's stores, or were located in communities in which Lawson's once had a presence — were converted to the Circle K brand. Due to popular response from consumers in Ohio and elsewhere, it was announced that Lawson's Chip Dip would continue to be sold "no matter what the name of the store", as was reported in the Akron Beacon-Journal.

Presence in Japan
In 1974, Consolidated signed a formal agreement with Daiei to open the first Lawson stores in Japan. On April 15, 1975 Daiei Lawson Co., Ltd. was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of Daiei, Inc., a retail company which also ran a supermarket chain. The first store opened in Sakurazuka, Toyonaka, Osaka Prefecture in June 1975. In September 1979 the official name was changed to Lawson Japan, Inc.. The Mitsubishi Corporation became the main shareholder in 2001.

Lawson is one of the top convenience store chains in Japan, second only to convenience franchise giant 7-Eleven. All of the usual Japanese convenience store goods such as magazines, video games, manga, soft drinks, onigiri, and bento are available. They have occasionally collaborated on tie-ins with various companies, including Koei's PlayStation 3 game Dynasty Warriors 7. In celebration of the 25th anniversary of the manga series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, a Lawson store in author Hirohiko Araki's native Sendai was remodeled to look like the "Owson" store that appears in part 4 of the series.

To date, Lawson operates in all 47 prefectures of Japan, as well as in Shanghai and Chongqing, China. In August 2011, Lawson opened their first store in Jakarta, Indonesia

In 2013 Lawson began opening stores in Thailand under the name Lawson 108. The stores are run as a joint venture between Lawson Japan and the Thai consumer goods giant Saha Group.

Return to the United States
With the establishment of "Lawson USA Hawaii, Inc." Lawson returned to the U.S. market, with two locations in Honolulu opening on July 7, 2012. One of the stores is in the Sheraton Waikiki, while the other is in the Moana Surfrider Hotel. Further expansion to both Hawaii and the mainland U.S. is planned, with 30 stores planned for Hawaii alone over the next three years.

Solar power
As of May 2012 Lawson had solar equipment at only 20 of their stores, but the company announced in June 2012 that it would install solar panels at 2,000 stores of their 10,000 Japanese stores starting in September 2012 and finishing by the end of February 2014. It was estimated that each store would generate an about 11,000kwh per year. Just under 2,000kwh of this would go toward climate control and other in-house uses, which would account for about 1% of each store's power consumption. The rest of the electricity would be sold under Japan's feed-in tariff system that came into operation on July 1, 2012. It was estimated that the company's income from the power generated by the 2,000 stores would come to more than 700 million yen a year.

Lawson planned to install solar panels at 1,000 stores in the 2012-2013 financial year, and 1,000 more in the 2013-2014 financial year. It chose solar panels from Solar Frontier, along with the same company's online monitoring system for the first 1,000 stores.

Lawson in Indonesia
In Indonesia, Lawson is a subsidiary of Alfamidi (PT Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk). Recently, Lawson join with JKT48 to launched their new product.

China Mobile
China Mobile Limited is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company that provides mobile voice and multimedia services through its nationwide mobile telecommunications network. The company is one of the largest mobile telecommunications companies by market capitalization today, and it was named as such in March 2011. It is listed on both the NYSE and the Hong Kong stock exchange.

As of July 2013, China Mobile is the world's largest mobile phone operator by subscribers with about 740 million.

History
A state-owned enterprise directly controlled by the government of the People's Republic of China and also a public company that is listed on the NYSE and the Hong Kong stock exchanges, China Mobile has dominated Chinese mobile services since its inception. As of 2010 China Mobile controls the vast majority of its domestic mobile services market with a 70% market share. China Unicom and China Telecom have 20% and 10% shares, respectively.

Incorporated in 1997 as China Telecom (Hong Kong) Limited, China Mobile was born from the 1999 break-up of China Telecom. (This company continues to provide mobile services, however. )

State control
China Mobile likely enjoys substantial protectionist benefits from China's government but also experiences frequent government intervention in its business affairs. Government control is maintained through a presumably government-owned holding company, China Mobile Communications Corporation (CMCC), that owns 100 percent ownership of China Mobile (HK) Group Limited, which in turn holds over seventy percent ownership of China Mobile–the remainder being controlled by public investors. Established in 2000, CMCC is China Mobile Ltd's current parent company as of 2011.

Rural subscriber base
China Mobile has historically held a greater share of the rural market than competitors. By 2006, its network had expanded to provide reception to 97% of the Chinese population, and the company has since seen a sustained stream of new, rural mobile customers.

China Mobile also offers information services targeted at the rural market, including the Agricultural Information Service, which allows a variety of activities to take place through the use of mobile phones and the Internet. These include the sale and purchase of agricultural products, access to market prices for produce, wire transfers, bank withdrawals, and payments, etc.

Overseas activities
China Mobile expanded overseas in 2007 with the purchase of Paktel in Pakistan launching the ZONG brand there a year later.

In February 2013, China Mobile together with Vodafone, has participated in bidding for one of the two newly opened Myanmar Mobile licences.

Domestic acquisitions
In May 2008, the company took over China Tietong, a fixed-line telecom and the then third-largest broadband ISP in China, adding Internet services to its core business of mobile services.

Network
China Mobile operates a GSM network, which encompasses all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and directly administered municipalities in Mainland China and includes Hong Kong, too. GPRS is utilized for data transmission.

The company controls 70% of the Chinese mobile market but a far smaller percentage of the 3G market. As of May 2012, its nearly 60 million 3G subscribers account for roughly 9% of its total subscriber base, which is an increase from 3% in 2010.
 * 3G:

Its 3G network, still under construction in 2010, utilizes the TD-SCDMA standard, which China Mobile helped develop. 3G service is available in all of the 4 direct-controlled municipalities and most of the 283 prefecture-level cities in China as of 2010.

As of 2010, China Mobile has debuted small-scale 4G demonstration networks using a variant of 3GPP Long Term Evolution, TD-LTE, and has plans for larger, city-wide demonstration networks in the future. As of May 2012, such networks are in operation.
 * 4G:

While prior iPhone models couldn't use the China Mobile network because it relies on a China-only 3G standard, talks to carry the then unreleased 4G Apple iPhone (iPhone 5) began in mid-2012.

In 2003 and again in 2007, China Mobile provided mobile services on Mount Everest.
 * Everest:

In May 2011, China Mobile announced its network now includes the controversial Spratly Islands.
 * Spratly Isles coverage:

Service brands
China Mobile uses other names to differentiate its offerings.

Mainland China
China Mobile offers mobile services in Mainland China under several brands.
 * Easyown (Chinese: 神州行, Hanyu Pinyin: Shénzhōuxíng Rough translation: "Travel across China" (lit. "travel the holy states"))
 * a basic prepaid mobile phone service more heavily marketed in rural areas
 * GoTone (Chinese: 全球通, Hanyu Pinyin: Quánqiútōng Rough translation: "Global Connect")
 * subscription flagship brand
 * M-zone (Chinese: 动感地带, Hanyu Pinyin: Dònggǎndìdài Rough translation: "Dynamic Area")
 * a premium prepaid service popular with youths

Hong Kong

 * Peoples is a wholly owned subsidiary of China Mobile (Hong Kong) Limited. It offers GSM, GPRS and EDGE technologies to customers in this Special Administrative Region.

Pakistan

 * ZONG is China Mobile's brand in Pakistan and is operated by China Mobile Pakistan (CMPak), a subsidiary.

Phasing out Analogue
On March 5, 2001 China Mobile announced that it would be phasing out its Analogue service in two stages. By June 30, 2001 all international and domestic roaming services of analogue mobile phone network will be disabled without exceptions. All other analogue services will end on December 31, 2001. Users of analogue mobile phones were offered a free web transfer to the GSM digital network and an unpaid digital handset. If the users did not want the device, they may receive other compensation of equal value.

When the analogue network first came out, users were charged a one-time installation fee of up to ¥30 000. As a result, some of these users filled a lawsuit for compensation; however, the verdicts were against the users.

SMS Content Review
In 2010, complying with the Ministry of Public Security campaign aimed at restricting access to the Internet, China Mobile announced that users that are found to have sent messages with vulgar or pornographic content would be suspended from using their text messaging services. If the text message is rated by the system as "pornographic" it would be investigated by the Ministry before the suspension would occur. The new censorship practice caused heated debate. The public generally supports the severe crackdown on the dissemination of pornographic messages aimed at making a profit. However, the public does not believe that sending "pornographic" messages with witty jokes or sexual content, between ordinary cell-phone users should be controlled.

Non-Standardized Billing
On July 5, 2010, during CCTV's Weekly Quality Report several China Mobile users complained that they were being overcharged. The customers demonstrated that they had been charged for Internet service or for multimedia messaging when they did not use those services. In addition, the users' bills showed that a few of the provincial subsidiaries of China Mobile added extra service charges, or miscalculated the charges unbeknownst to their customers. Their bills also showed that the subsidiaries could add or delete fees as they pleased.

2013 $45-million ATM Cyber Looting
In February 2013 a cyber-ring of criminals operating in around the world stole $45 million from thousands of Automated Teller Machines. The first attack was launched in December 2012 when a bank in India was hacked. The first round of world-wide withdrawals amounted to approximately $5 million. A second attack in February 2013 targeted a card processor in the United States of America which resulted in losses of over $40 million. This operation was a coordinated crime that involved hundreds of associates located around the world in over twenty-six countries. Hackers were hired to hack through the firewall of banks and financial institutions and steal the PINs of the debit cards while eliminating the withdrawal limit of the accounts. Insiders from the bank kept these movements hidden while their "cashing" associates received PINs. They then proceeded to withdraw as much money as they could from ATM machines with fraudulent debit cards. Without a withdrawal limit, their operation was known as the "Unlimited Operation".

December 2013
ElectraCard Services was the company that processed prepaid travel cards for National Bank of Ras Al Khaimah. The bank suffered a $5 million coordinated heist at ATMs around the world on December 21, 2012 according to the US indictment. ElectraCard Services commented that the data breach in a series of ATM fraud attacks in December, 2012 appeared to have happened outside of its "processing environment". The company said investigations show that "the PIN and magnetic stripe data seem to have been compromised outside the ECS processing environment".

New York
On February 19, 2013, 2,904 ATMs were hit in New York, most were located along Broadway from 116th St. to 23rd St. Over a 10 hour period, the thieves walked away with $2.4 million, but no personal accounts were involved. Seven members of the ring were arrested in New York for participating in the global scheme that led to millions being stolen from banks and other financial institutions around the world. The believed leader of the New York ring was killed in April, 2013 in the Dominican Republic, falling victim to a botched robbery devised by his in-laws, according to local law enforcement officials. The names of the members were unsealed in Brooklyn Federal Court:


 * Alberto Yusi Lajud-Peña, 23 (deceased) Jael Mejia Collado, 23 Joan Luis Minier Lara, 22 Evan Pena, 35 Jose Familia Reyes, 24 Elvis Rodriguez, 24 Emir Yeje, 24 Chung Yu-Holguin, 22

Officials state that although an arrest was made, they have only reached the tip of the iceberg. Federal authorities have so far seized hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash and bank accounts, two Rolex watches and a Mercedes SUV. They are also seeking forfeiture of a Porsche Panamera, which, like the SUV, was allegedly bought with money stolen in the cyber scheme.

In all, seven of the eight suspected members of the New York crew have been arrested and indicted on charges of conspiracy to commit access device fraud, money laundering conspiracy and money laundering. If convicted, they would face a maximum 10-year prison terms on each money laundering charge, 7.5 years on the access device fraud count and up to $250,000 in fines.