User:Datourturpaperz/Şahin Giray

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[+] Despite claims of equalizing taxes for both Christians and non-Christians, Sahin continued to tax the former more heavily which led to the Christian clergy in the khanate to complain to the Russian Church. [1]

[1] Kazemzadeh, Firuz. The American Historical Review 76, no. 2 (1971): 528–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/1858782.

[+] He had a brother named Katti Giray.

[1] O’Neill, Kelly. “Elusive Subjects and the Instability of Noble Society.” In Claiming Crimea: A History of Catherine the Great’s Southern Empire, 84–123. Yale University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1wc7r72.7.

[+] Sahin's rule (1777-1783) was marked by upheaval. Russian expansion threatened the khanate from the 1730s up until the 1780s when they successfully seized the peninsula.

[1] Teissier, Beatrice. “Crimean Tatars in Explorative and Travel Writing: 1782–1802.” Anatolian Studies 67 (2017): 231–53. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26571544.

[+] In an attempt to modernize the army, Şahin Giray attempted to implement a new, more tolerant policy towards the Jewish and Christian minorities and integrating the two into the Muslim-majority military. However, his reforms were not well received by the [Nogai] Tatar nobility or local aristocracy who both saw them as threatening their privileges and anti-Muslim, and by the common people who also saw this cross-religious integration as contradicting the laws of Islam. [1]

[1] Akhiezer, Golda (2023-06-07). "The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 66 (5–6): 656–676. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341603. ISSN 0022-4995

[+] Sahin's westernization policies led to rebellion in 1777. He was only able to resume control in 1778 thanks to the assistance of Catherine II and the Russian military.

[1] O’Neill, Kelly. “Elusive Subjects and the Instability of Noble Society.” In Claiming Crimea: A History of Catherine the Great’s Southern Empire, 84–123. Yale University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1wc7r72.7.

[+] This turmoil turned into full civil war that led to Sahin's dethronement by the Russia's Catherine the Great in 1783 [1]. He was eventually exiled to the Greek island of Rhodes in 1787.

[1] Akhiezer, Golda (2023-06-07). "The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 66 (5–6): 656–676. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341603. ISSN 0022-4995

[2] Kizilov, Mikhail. “National Inventions: The Imperial Emancipation of the Karaites from Jewishness.” In An Empire of Others: Creating Ethnographic Knowledge in Imperial Russia and the USSR, edited by Roland Cvetkovski and Alexis Hofmeister, 369–94. Central European University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctt5hgzz6.15.

[+] Russian Annexation (April 1787) Source

Kizilov, Mikhail. “National Inventions: The Imperial Emancipation of the Karaites from Jewishness.” In An Empire of Others: Creating Ethnographic Knowledge in Imperial Russia and the USSR, edited by Roland Cvetkovski and Alexis Hofmeister, 369–94. Central European University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctt5hgzz6.15.