User:Dauletaruzhan01/State of Karakhanids

The Karakhanid state (942-1210 years.)

The Karakhanid khanate in Eastern Turkestan, Zhetysu and the Syrdarya, Talas, Shu. Its creation begins in 940. The Central capital of the Kaganate is Balasagun along the Shu river, and later-the city of Ordakent (Taraz). In such cities of the Karakhanids, as the Uzgen, Merke, Kulan, lived large alisatrice giants and artisans.

The founder of the Karakhanid dynasty, he was Bugrahan (915-955гг.)). He is the grandson of bilge Kul-Kadyr Khan, one of the founders of the Karluk khanate. He was referring to himself in the city of Taraz, and Kashgar, in the year 942 dumped ruler in Balasagun and declared himself the upper Hagan. A great contribution to the strengthening of the state made the tribes of Qarluq, chigil, Yagma. After the death of satuk, power passed to his sons Musa, who in 960 referred the population of the Karakhan state to the Islamic religion. Its capital was Kashgar. The second son of stukka got Suleiman Ilek Balasagun. Then this region was inherited by his son Hassan Bogra Khan. After Musa's death, the highest Kagan on Karakhanid land passed to his sons Ali Arslan Khan. In 990, one of the rulers of the Karakhanids Hassan (Harun)conquered Bogra Khan Ispidzhab. In the year 992 the Karahan captured Khotan in the East to the West-Bukhara. In 999, the son of the Karakhan ruler Ali Arslan Nasir struck the state of Samani in Central Asia. After long wars the Karakhanid khanate in 1004-1005 years fully brought to his land Mawerannahr. After that, the state of the Karakhanids in the 30s of the XI century was divided into East and West Kaganate.:

On the territory of Semirechye and Eastern Turkestan in the Eastern Kaganate, the center of which was originally the Horde (closer to Balasagun), and then the city of Kashgar. Land Mawarannahr in the Western khanate, it became the center of Ascent, and later Samarkan. In the Karakhanid state, the Supreme power was in the hands of Hakan. He remained in inheritance. The dominant representatives of the feudal society of Karakhan were descendants of Hakan tags, Ilek khans, beks, raids, nukers. One of the closest people to the Khan was Vali. Wazir was considered the closest aide and Advisor to the Supreme ruler. Khan's Palace, its main headquarters was considered the center of state and administrative management. The most important socio-political institution in the Karakhanid state was the military-hereditary system. The state was divided into several parts. Their main: Taraz, Ispidzhab, Balasagun. Khan gave land to feudal lords for public or military service and allowed the collection of taxes from the population on the spot. Such places are called IKT, and its owner-mukt. Another common type of land ownership in Karakhan is military-shared land. It was handed over for military service. In the Karakhan feudal society there was one of the types of exploitation of peasants – leasing of shared land. In the Arab-Persian sources of the peasants who received land equity, called glaciers or bersuara. The shareholder paid to the state and landowners in the form of taxes on products obtained from the land. The second type of exploitation of peasants-commendation-land ownership. Its essence: a weak man conveys his land under the care of the force, which should protect the weak from others.

Karahan, who inhabited the South-Eastern and southern regions of Kazakhstan were engaged in nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists. In animal husbandry the leading place is occupied by horse breeding. Turkic tribes, which became part karacharskova state, kept flocks-flocks of sheep and also raised camels, goats, cattle. Some of the settled, semi-settled Turkic tribes were engaged in agriculture. They grew millet and other crops, settled communicated with the culture of the city and replenished the population of the city. Crafts, especially the eye, were widely developed in the cities. They were hunting. Also a significant role played by fishing in the rivers Syrdarya, ili, Shu, Talas.

By the end of XI century the Karakhanid state has fallen due to wars and the subsequent division of the feudal estates. In the 30-ies of the XII century the Eastern Karahanides possession, Semirechye and southern Kazakhstan seized from XIDAN East.