User:DavidAnstiss/Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie

PERRIER THE BATHIE 1825-1916 large Savoyard botanist

The Baron Eugene Perrier of Bathinda, large Savoyard botanist, was born in 1825, he died in 1916, so it has gone through the history of the second half of the nineteenth century. André Roth in 2004 brought together a record of the various documents published during his lifetime and biographies due to his grandchildren, communications of various scientists, J.Offner communication, narrative R.Benoit, R.Fritsch conference. This is to establish a synthesis of the various documents collected by A.Roth. ORIGIN Perrier of Bathinda comes from a family of the old Savoyard valley Doron Beaufort (Villard), which in 1628 bought properties in Conflans and in 1776 the lordship of La Bathinda, she was ennobled by the then Duke of Savoy. After the revolution, she acquired the Château Rouge as a family home. Eugene's father is part of Napoleon's Grande Armée (Savoy then French), he participated in the Battle of Eylau (1807), is seriously injured and returns to Conflans. He married in 1824 and 12 children were born of this marriage, Eugene is the eldest.

YOUTH AND EDUCATION Eugene was born June 9, 1825 His studies take place at the Royal College and the College of Mount St. Louis. He Huguenin as professor of botany and binds with local botanists Bonjean Annenay the Billiet, Chevallier and Pujet abbots, but especially with André Songeon who was his friend and collaborator most of his life. Then in 1849 he began medical studies in Turin, the capital. There are clear with little enthusiasm, particularly a rejection of anatomy sessions (odor of untreated corpses) and also, as he wrote to his father, "the soft air of Turin extraordinarily tired". His father had offered to come home to help in the administration of family property, he returned to Conflans in 1851. In Turin, his interest in botany and amplifies it binds to E.Rostan. This Eugene nicknamed "the lizard" for its ability to move rock medium. Subsequently Rostan devotes his research in botany the Cottian Alps. In 1852, his father died, like Eugene is the eldest of the family, it inherits properties and must devote his time to the administration of goods. In 1859 he married Helene Berard-Blais, his cousin Moutiers. He had 10 children. We can then distinguish three aspects in his life: the politician, agronomist, botanist.

THE POLITICIAN Baron and landowner, it belongs to the aristocracy. In 1859 and 1860, he participated in the referendum campaign for the annexation of Savoy to France, His dogs are favorable signs and oppose those of Count Manuel opponent. This position is contrary to that of the majority of Liberals and aristocrats who advocated maintaining the Savoie in the Sardinian kingdom Alderman of the city of Albertville and first deputy from 1860 to 1874, it represents the interests of Conflans vis-à-vis Albertville. In 1876 he was parliamentary candidate with the motto "Religion-Order and Fatherland" it must be seen in the political world of the time, Third nascent republic and return to ambient conservatism with royalty. He is not elected .It may be a sign of the evolution of ideas.

The AGROLOGIST In 1852 returned to Conflans, Perrier mainly deals with the management of family properties. They were then assigned to farmers and sharecroppers. In 1869, he took direct administration. It streamlines their operations. It has vineyards on the hillside with replacement of the oldest vines and installation of improved .. The plain is devoted to crops he reserves for the production of plants and seeds with selection of local traditional varieties. For the cattle he set a cowshed model Manure platform. It uses the droppings of the central house mixed with chopped branches. It makes evolve considerably agronomic methods remained very archaic at the time. In 1875 he was appointed professor of agriculture at the Ecole Normale Albertville and applies to introduce new techniques. It is in the wine it gets great results in cooperation with P.Tochon, chairman of the Central Society of Agriculture of Savoy. The vine takes indeed a great place in the Savoyard farming world, it extended over 18,000 hectares in 1860. But in the 70s, the vine suffered serious damage to its invasion by phylloxera aphids sucking sap from introduction of a US-infested feet in the Gard and then extending to the entire wine France. Multiplying by parthenogenesis with several generations during the summer, this aphid can quickly invade the vines, sucking sap from the aerial parts and especially the roots causing complete exhaustion feet in 3 years. Various chemical treatments were applied unsuccessfully. The devastation was considerable, the Savoy vineyards were totally devastated. The solution was found when it was discovered that the vines of American origin survived the phylloxera feeding in aerial parts, leaving aside the root system. The Registry of the aerial part of a French vine on a rootstock root system mainly brought the solution. Perrier of Bathinda and Tochon were the most notable and zealous, and can be regarded as the greatest architects of the rescue of vineyards in the region. This technique has even resulted in the Fréterive sector - St. John of the door to a craftsmanship of the highly successful transplant which delivered the vines grafted and throughout France and abroad. From a cottage industry, manual operation recently passed a semi industrial stage. Against parasitic fungi of the vineyard, Perrier and Tochon advocated sulfur (powdery mildew) and copper (mildew) vines for Conflans field experience. He published in 1886 a score of remarkable precision on the "mildew" in the Courrier des Alpes. This "fungus" was ravaging the vineyards of Savoie since 1878 (note that he was once ranked in the Oomycetes, Phycomycetes group that are no longer part of the fungi but must be linked to the line of Brown algae in the classification Modern alive). It provides the results of its "epidemiological" research to apply to treatment by copper sulfate. He was also interested in the bee fauna of Savoie The contribution of the Perrier Bathinda in the agricultural sector was very important.

THE BOTANIST The vocation of the Perrier Bathinda for botany was very early, it manifested from the college and it found its full flowering during medical studies in Turin. She turned in his main activity until the end of his life. Yet it had to be very strong passion to be interested in him as the Savoyard flora, because in the conditions of the second half of the nineteenth century capita Conflans, he met great difficulties to realize that passion. There were no complete descriptive flora for this region which for a beginner is a significant barrier. Conflans university towns away, nothing to Chambery and Lyon, Grenoble and Geneva are difficult to reach, so far scientific libraries and herbaria for very useful comparisons. Relationships are difficult, slow mail, transport procedures for trade in plants, sometimes whole boxes. Nevertheless Perrier is surrounded by a network of specialists, Jordan Lyons, Reuter, at the Geneva Conservatory, Rostan in Pinerolo and especially he gets a very valuable cooperation in the person of André Songeon. Exploring the Savoie also presented difficulties: the movements were effected solely through diligence valley floor, it was then necessary to walk in a hostel for accommodation and departure the next morning to browse the regions of altitude. These difficulties explain the lack of specific information for some sectors, however, offset by the contributions of the correspondents. Back in Conflans, we must study the different samples, determine, to dry to put them in herbarium, one of Perrier gathered more than 25,000 samples, it was bequeathed to the University of Geneva. His research on the flora in its entirety Savoyard aside, he attached himself to the study of some particular species he discovered: The earliest (1853) is Anogramma leptophylla, small fern wet rocks he finds the source of Péchu near Conflans. It was then the only resort in mainland France, because it is very abundant in Corsica and in tropical areas. In 1854, he discovered a limestone terrain stemless gentian different from that described by Linnaeus: its leaves are tougher, sharper and flowers without green patches at the entrance of the corolla tube. Perrier and Songeon denominates gentian Clusius and the former stemless gentian, gentian Koch rather that grows on acidic soils. Other stemless gentian were discovered by Villars: alpine gentian gentian and pointed leaves. Perrier is the cause of the distinction of different gentian stemless. In 1877, it was in the valley of Courchevel Rozière Hormin it finds the Pyrenees, single station between Ticino Alps and the Pyrenees. One could cite many discoveries (Iris Perrieri crepis Raetian for example) while noting the great interest Perrier was the discoveries of others as twinflower. But it is indigenous tulips he devoted much of his time as Savoy boasted of possessing ten species (16 species for the whole of France). He made ​​the description in a publication from 1894 and with the help of Songeon has compiled a diagnosis for three species: Aime tulips, tulip Marjollet, Tarentaise, tulip brash in Maurienne. From bulbs, put them in culture in the garden of Conflans, ensured its multiplication which allowed their sale. Despite all the potential value of these species discovered, they have less scientific importance compared to the masterpiece that represents the realization of the "Catalogue raisonné of vascular plants of Savoy: departments of Savoie and Haute Savoie, Plateau Mont Cenis "whose first volume appeared after his death in 1917 and the second in 1928.Dès the age of thirty, Perrier manifests the desire to provide a complete catalog of the Savoyard flora with the help of his friend Songeon and any potential collaborator. Aged 80, he almost complete abandon this gigantic work following the death of Songeon, he nevertheless continued to write the catalog and despite his condition. Helped by some friends in proofreading, he died in 1916 before the publication of the first volume. This work of over 800 pages is of great interest because in addition to providing an almost complete list of Savoy species, it is full of information about their nomenclature, their localities strictly checked and geographic location. Savoy is divided into different areas, including the western façade southern Jura, Chablais, Bauges, Chartreuse limestone predominantly granitic region corresponding to External massif and diverse South Eastern region. Perrier is thus a pioneer in the search for links between plants and their location is a precursor of plant geography. This catalog is an invaluable tool for any botanist is currently investing in the study of the flora of Savoy and this 100 years after it was written. This great scientist, the first among botanists Savoy was not less "affable scholar, humble ... the example of an accomplished gentleman, faithful to his duty until the last minute of his valiant old age" (Beauverd, obituary).

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Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958) was a French botanist who specialized in the plants of Madagascar. He is the nephew of Eugène Pierre Perrier de la Bâthie, (1825-1916), another botanist, who also collected plants with him.

http://www.cbn-alpin-biblio.fr/Record.htm?Record=19144210157919624929&idlist=2 publications