User:DavidAnstiss/Odyendea

Odyendea is a genus of trees belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, in the order Sapindales (formerly Rutales or Geraniales). The genus is native to western tropical Africa.

Description
meist Ateilig. Kelchb. zu einem becherförmigen Kelch vereint, mit 4 sehr kurzen, stumpfen Lappen. Blb. verkehrt-eiförmig, concav, wa 5mal Knser als der Kelch, in der Knospe dachig. Stb. 8, zuletzt länger als dieBlb., it fadenförmigen Stf. und bis zur Mitte mit einer lang keilfärmnipen, wolligen Lipula versehen. Discus hoch polsterförmig, Sfurchig. Carpelle 4, vereint; Frkn. zusammen weniger breit als der Discus, zusammengedrückt eiförmig, mit je 1 hängenden Sa. Gr. am Scheitel des Frkn. vereint, wenig länger als diese. Teilfr. sehr groß, zusammen- gedrückt eiförmig, an der Innenseite sehr schwach gekielt, mit holzigem Pericarp.— Bäume mit 3—5paarigen, lederartigen B. und mit länglich-verkehrt-eiförmigen Blättchen mit eingesenkten Nerven. Bl. ziemlich klein, kurz gestielt, zahlreich, in mehrfach zu- - sammengesetzten Rispen, mit ziemlich lang gestielten, verkehrt-eiförmigen B. am Grunde der Rispenäste.

8th. 'Odyendea (Pierre) Engl. Bl. S, mostly Neat. Chalice. to a cup-shaped chalice united, with 4 very short, blunt rags. Blb. obverse-egg shape, concav , about 5 times the calyx, roofy in the bud. N / A. 8, last longer than the Blb., it thread-like stf. and to the middle with a long wedge-farmed, woolly lipula provided. Discus highly upholstered, furrowed. Carpelle 4, united; Frkn. together less wide than the discus, pressed together in an egg shape, with 1 hanging Sa each. Size. at the apex of the Frkn. united, little longer than this. Partial fr. very large, together- pressed in an egg shape, very weakly keeled on the inside, with a woody pericarp.- Trees with 3-5 pair, leathery B. and with elongated, inverted eggshells with sunk nerves. Bl. fairly small, short stalked, numerous, in multiple - Compound panicles, with fairly long, obsolete egg-shaped B. at the bottom the panicle branches. (translated from German)

Odyendea klaineana is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 20 m meters tall.

tree to 30 m with leaves imparipinnate, leaflets opposite to sub-opposite, petiolulate, entire,

calyx 4- rarely 5 lobed, petals 4 rarely 5, fruits woody, leaflets oblong to obovate, seeds yield a fat/oil.

Odyendea gabunensis reaches a height of 120 - 130 ft, with the bole up 80 ft with good form and the trunk can reach a diameter of 5 –.

Timber
The bark of Odyendea gabunensis is called Onzang in Gabon. It is also called Mbanko (syn Odyendea zimmermanii) as reported in Tanzania and Kenya.

The wood of Odyendea gabunensis is whitish to straw coloured, sap wood and heartwood not differentiated. Texture is coarse with irregular grain. It dries rapidly, with little checking but the warp is severe. It splits severely during log conversion, stock saws, planes and nails easily, easy to peel into veneers. It can be used for making boxes, crates, veneers, plywood, pulpwood and chipboard.

Taxonomy
The genus of Odyendea was first published in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl (edited), Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien vol.3 (Issue 4) on page 215 in 1896.

The genus name of Odyendea is the name of the tree in Gabon. It has other local names such as onzan, nzan, onzeng, onzang, onzon, osendje, ozendje, ozenje, benzeng, bondjengi, odiendle, odieneje, odjenge, odyendie, odzense, dibindi, disengo, lebvola, moussiguiri, musigiri, musigiti and noka.

Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022) in 1962 (published in 1963), took a very broad view of the genus Quassia and included therein various genera including, Hannoa, Odyendyea , Pierreodendron , Samadera , Simaba  and Simarouba  In 2007, molecular analyses of the Simaroubaceae family (Clayton et al., 2007), suggested the splitting up of genera Quassia again, with all Nooteboom's synonyms listed above being resurrected as independent genera.

Odyendea is listed as a possible synonym of Quassia L. by GRIN (United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service)

Species
It has 2 known species;
 * Odyendea gabunensis (Pierre) Engl.
 * Odyendea klaineana (Pierre) Engl.

Distribution
They are native to the countries (and regions) of; Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zaïre.

Habitat
o g found 2,500m in Gabon, dry deciduous forests, open sandy or Savannah-type vegetation

Uses
Odyendea gabunensis (syn. Hannoa klaineana) and Odyendea klaineana (syn Hannoa chlorantha) are both used in traditional folk medicines of Central African countries (including Gabon, ) against fevers and malaria.

6 indole alkaloids have been found from the bark of the trunk of Odyendea gabonensis.

In 1985, two quassinoids Odyendane and Odyendene were extracted from the trunk bark of Odyendea gabonensis.

In 1986, Two quassinoids and two coumarinolignoids have been extracted from Odyendea gabonensis (syn Hannoa klaineana) roots.

The fruits of Odyendyea gabonensis contain a quassinoid Odyendanol and two new steroids. A quassinoid from the bark of Odyendyea gabonensis also has the potential to be a anti-breast and anti-ovarian cancer agent.

Several compounds have been extracted from the stem bark of Odyendyea gabonensis, they were then tested for their activity against the bacteria species; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the fungi species; Mucor miehei and Candida albicans, and the plant pathogen oomycetes species; Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani.

Odyendea klaineana has wood that is hard, heavy, and dark, making it suitable for carving and furniture making. The roots and leaves are also used in folk medicines for their anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Additionally, the plant is used in reforestation programs due to its ability to quickly establish and grow in degraded lands.

The fruits of Odyendea gabunensis (syn. Quassia gabonensis), known locally as 'Nzeng' are used locally as a condiment.