User:DavidAnstiss/Parasympodiella

The Parasympodiella are a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family of Parasympodiellaceae, and within the monotypic order of Parasympodiellales , within the subclass class of Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter) on leaves and twigs.

Parasympodiellales Hern.-Restr., Gené, R.F. Castañeda & Crous Parasympodiellaceae Hern.-Restr., Gené, Guarro & Crous Parasympodiella Ponnappa (10)

Four new monotypic orders with their respective families are proposed here, i.e. Lauriomycetales, Lauriomycetaceae; Parasympodiellales, Parasympodiellaceae; Vermiculariopsiellales, Vermiculariopsiellaceae and Xenospadicoidales, Xenospadicoidaceae.

Type species – Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal) Ponnappa

Notes – Parasympodiella was introduced by Ponnappa (1975), with P. laxa as the type species. The latter species was earlier placed in Sympodiella (Ponnappa 1975). However, whereas Sympodiella species have small conidiophores, up to 280 μm along with terminal or subterminal conidiogenous cells which give rise to conidial chains reaching up to six conidia, Parasympodiella species have larger conidiophores, reaching up to 700 μm, together with conidiogenous cells residing along the conidiophore stipe at irregular distances and conidia being produced in ever extending loose chains (Kendrick 1958). Parasympodiella includes distinct and solitary conidiophores with conidiogenous cells which extend sympodially and produce catenate, cylindrical, thallic conidia when the fertile hyaline branches disarticulate, characters which distinguish this genus from similar genera such as Polyscytalum (Riess 1853), Sympodiella (Kendrick 1958), Bahusakala (Subramanian 1958) and Neoscytalidium (Crous et al. 2006a). Parasympodiella laxa is illustrated in this entry. Parasympodiella laxa (Material examined – USA, shoots of Juniperus virginiana

Parasympodiellaceae Hern.-Restr., Gené, Guarro & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 86: 87 (2017) MycoBank number: MB 820298; Index Fungorum number: IF 820298; Facesoffungi number: FoF 05187; 9 species.

Saprobic on leaves and twigs. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, cottony, partly superficial, greyish. Conidiophores mononematous, erect, conspicuous and properly differentiated from vegetative hyphae, flexuous, smooth, regularly septate, branched, brown. Conidiogenous cells smooth, pale brown or hyaline, holoblastic, multiplying sympodially, undergoing basipetal secession to produce conidia. Conidia thallic-arthric, aseptate or septate, hyaline, produced in unbranched pseudo-chains. Synasexual morph: often stylaspergillus-like (adapted from Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017).

Type genus – Parasympodiella Ponnappa

Notes – Parasympodiellaceae, as established by Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017), is accommodated in Parasympodiellales and it includes the monotypic genus Parasympodiella (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017). Species of this family most commonly grow as saprobes on plant litter, conifers and dicotyledons (Subramanian & Vittal 1973, Crous et al. 1995, Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Seifert et al. 2011, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017). Parasympodiellales along with Parasympodiellaceae have been introduced to represent the clade which includes four of the nine Parasympodiella species, namely, P. lauri, P. elongata, P. eucalypti and P. laxa (Hernández- Restrepo et al. 2017).

List of species
The genus Parasympodiella contain 10 known species;


 * Parasympodiella clarkii
 * Parasympodiella elongata
 * Parasympodiella eucalypti
 * Parasympodiella hyphenata
 * Parasympodiella inaequiseptata
 * Parasympodiella lauri
 * Parasympodiella laxa
 * Parasympodiella minima
 * Parasympodiella podocarpi
 * Parasympodiella variisegmentata

Former species;
 * P. africana = Subulispora africana, Ascomycota
 * P. longispora = Bahusakala longispora, Dothideomycetes

Other sources
;Category:Pucciniomycotina ;Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases ;Category:Basidiomycota genera