User:DavidAnstiss/Pisorisporiaceae

Pisorisporiaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order Pisorisporiales in the monotypic subclass of Pisorisporiomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.

The new taxa were placed in the novel genus, Pisorisporium and a new family, Pisorisporiaceae was erected to accommodate Pisorisporium and Achroceratosphaeria. The latter genus was, upon its introduction, initially placed in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis (Réblová et al. 2010). This new family Pisorisporiaceae was, in turn, accommodated in Pisorisporiales (order) based on its distinct taxonomy and phylogeny at the ordinal level (Réblová et al. 2015a). Order Pisorisporiales forms a moderately-supported sister clade with Lulworthiales and Koralionastetales in Lulworthiomycetidae subclass (Hongsanan et al. 2017). The order has been reported to have a stem age which falls between 250–300 MYA, thereby placing it at a subclass level (Hyde et al. 2017a, Hongsanan et al. 2017). In this study, therefore Pisorisporiales is raised to the subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae. Currently there is one family and two genera in this order.

Four morphologically similar specimens of an unidentified perithecial ascomycete were collected on decaying wood submerged in fresh water. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from protein-coding and ribosomal nuclear loci supports the placement of the unidentified fungus together with Achroceratosphaeria in a strongly supported monophyletic clade. The four collections are described as two new species of the new genus Pisorisporium characterised by non-stromatic, black, immersed to superficial perithecial ascomata, persistent paraphyses, unitunicate, persistent asci with an amyloid apical annulus and hyaline, fusiform, cymbiform to cylindrical, transversely multiseptate ascospores with conspicuous guttules. The asexual morph is unknown and no conidia were formed in vitro or on the natural substratum. The clade containing Achroceratosphaeria and Pisorisporium is introduced as the new order Pisorisporiales, family Pisorisporiaceae in the class Sordariomycetes. It represents a new lineage of aquatic fungi. A sister relationship for Pisorisporiales with the Lulworthiales and Koralionastetales is weakly supported by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. The systematic position of Pisorisporium among morphologically similar perithecial ascomycetes is discussed.

Distribution
It is has been found in Estonia.

Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;
 * Pisorisporium cymbiforme
 * Pisorisporium glaucum