User:DavidAnstiss/Torulaceae

Torulaceae is a family of sac fungi. They are saprobic in various terrestrial and also freshwater habitats.

History
Genus Torula was described in 1794 by German mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon.

Based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data analyses, Crous et al. revised the family Torulaceae and included the genus Dendryphion. Su et al. then introduced genus Neotorula (which was found in freshwater habitats), and Li et al. added a Sporidesmium-like genus, Sporidesmioides, within the Torulaceae family. Su et al. provided an updated phylogeny for the Torulaceae family based on the combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF sequence data analyses and also established the monotypic genus Rostriconidium found in freshwater habitats. In 2020, based on the results of ITS and also LSU sequence data and morphology, Crous et al. established the genus Rutola within the Torulaceae family. Later, Boonmee et al. introduced genus Cylindrotorula within the Torulaceae with evidence from morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, RPB2, TEF).

Description
Notes – Torulaceae is known only from its asexual characters. It is characterized by immersed mycelium, erect, micro- or macronematous, straight or flexuous, subcylindrical conidiophores, with or without apical branches and doliiform to ellipsoid or clavate, brown, smooth to verruculose, and mono- to polyblastic conidiogenous cells. Conidia are subcylindrical, phragmosporous, acrogenous, brown, dry, and smooth to verrucose, characteristically produced in branched chains (Crous et al. 2015a, Hyde et al. 2016, Su et al. 2016, Li et al. 2017a).

Distribution
Species within the Torulaceae family have a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide. Including places such as China,

For example species of the Torula genus have been found on herbaceous litter collected in Italy and Thailand.

Genera
As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020;
 * Cylindrotorula (1)
 * Dendryphion (67)
 * Neotorula (2)
 * Rostriconidium (2)
 * Rutola (1)
 * Sporidesmioides (1)
 * Torula (12)