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The Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis, also often referred to as "The Bischler Indole Synthesis ," is a chemical reaction that forms a 2-aryl-indole from an α-bromo-acetophenone and excess aniline; it is named after August Bischler and Richard Möhlau. In spite of its long history, this classical reaction had received relatively little attention in comparison with other methods for indole synthesis, owing to the reactions harsh conditions, poor yields and unpredictable regioselectivity. Recently, milder methods have been developed, including the use of lithium bromide as a catalyst and an improved procedure involving the use of microwave irradiation.

History
The Bischler-Möhlau Indole Synthesis was discovered and formulated through the separate, but complimentary, findings of German Scientist Richard Möhlau in 1882 and Russia-born chemist August Bischler (with partner H. Brion) in 1892. While neither scientist collaborated on their indole synthesis, they both had produced very similar procedures: a starting aromatic ketone structure, an excess of some aromatic amine, and a final indole product. The images below depict the original indole synthesis equations written by Möhlau and Bischler, respectively:



Being that both scientists had published their works for Indole Synthesis within the same decade, the general indole synthesis process was given the name "Bischler-Möhlau Indole Synthesis."

This original procedure for the indole synthesis is known to have inconsistent results and yields, but has been modified into new Indole Synthesis:


 * Buu-Hoï Modified Indole Synthesis
 * Blackhall and Thomson Modified Indole Synthesis
 * Japp and Murray Modified Indole Synthesis