User:David notMD/sandbox

Reference repairs using cite
REF REPAIR TEST 1

REF REPAIR TEST 2

REF REPAIR TEST 3

REF REPAIR TEST 4

REF REPAIR TEST 5

REF REPAIR TEST 6

REF REPAIR TEST 7

Vit B6 revised UL for EFSA
In 2023, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin B6. Based on systematic reviews that examined associations between vitamin B6 and peripheral neuropathy, the panel set an upper limit for vitamin B6 of 12 mg/day for all adults, including those who are pregnant or lactating, with lower amounts ranging from 2.2 to 10.7 mg/day for infants and children, depending on age.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods andFood Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientiﬁc opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL)for vitamin B6. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted by a contractor. The relationshipbetween excess vitamin B6 intakes and the development of peripheral neuropathy is well establishedand is the critical effect on which the UL is based. A lowest-observed-effect-level (LOAEL) could not beestablished based on human data. A reference point (RP) of 50 mg/day is identiﬁed by the Panel froma case–control study, supported by data from case reports and vigilance data. An uncertainty factor(UF) of 4 is applied to the RP to account for the inverse relationship between dose and time to onsetof symptoms and the limited data available. The latter covers uncertainties as to the level of intakethat would represent a LOAEL. This leads to a UL of 12.5 mg/day. From a subchronic study in Beagledogs, a LOAEL of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day can be identiﬁed. Using an UF of 300, and adefault bw of 70 kg, a UL of 11.7 mg/day can be calculated. From the midpoint of the range of these two ULs '''and rounding down, a UL of 12 mg/day is established by the Panel for vitamin B6 for adults(including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for infants and children are derived from the ULfor adults using allometric scaling: 2.2–2.5 mg/day (4–11 months), 3.2–4.5 mg/day (1–6 years),6.1–10.7 mg/day (7–17 years).''' Based on available intake data, EU populations are unlikely to exceedULs, except for regular users of food supplements containing high doses of vitamin B6

Incorporate into Chemistry or elsewhere
Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers, i.e., mirror-image isomers, denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The -enantiomer occurs in foods and is an essential nutrient for humans and many animal species. The -enantiomer does not occur in nature, and as a synthesized compound has neglible vitamin function. The term "vitamin C" refers to the -enantiomer as ascorbic acid and its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate (DHA).

Was "Definition"
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for certain animals including humans. The term vitamin C encompasses several vitamers that have vitamin C activity in animals. Ascorbate salts such as sodium ascorbate and calcium ascorbate are used in some dietary supplements. These release ascorbate upon digestion. Ascorbate and ascorbic acid are both naturally present in the body, since the forms interconvert according to pH.

Vitamin C functions as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in animals (including humans) that mediate a variety of essential biological functions, including wound healing and collagen synthesis. In humans, vitamin C deficiency leads to impaired collagen synthesis, contributing to the more severe symptoms of scurvy. Another biochemical role of vitamin C is to act as an antioxidant (a reducing agent) by donating electrons to various enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Doing so converts vitamin C to an oxidized state – either as semidehydroascorbic acid or dehydroascorbic acid. These compounds can be restored to a reduced state by glutathione and NADPH-dependent enzymatic mechanisms.

The GA review
I'll review this, always glad to see a Vital Article come through here. Immediately, I am worried about the handful of citation needed tags and the glaring number of sentences that are missing sources. I will keep the review open for now (until 12/15), since I am familiar with the general quality of your work, but I won't go much further until these issues are resolved. Once this is resolved, we can discuss a time frame for the rest of the page. I understand these topic can take time, vital articles tend to be a long haul. Thankfully, my degree is related close enough to this topic (Human Biology) for me to give a relatively technical review of the article. Etrius ( Us) 04:04, 8 December 2022 (UTC)

Please use a Done, strikethrough or some other means of indicating an issue is resolved..

Images File:Tocopherols.svg File:Tocopherol, alpha-.svg File:Beta-tocopherol.png File:Gamma-tocopherol.png File:Delta-tocopherol.png File:Tocopheryl acetate.png Technically, there is nothing inherently wrong with this copyright. That being said, a structural formula copyright (see File:Alpha-Tocopherol Structural Formulae V.1.svg) is more accurate. No other issues noted with the copyrights.

Copy-vios I'll continue to make spot-checks as this goes on. Earwig only flags 3-4 word proper nouns and phrases that really can't be reworded.

Sources The missing citation issue has been raised above.

Done Prasad K (2011). "Tocotrienols and cardiovascular health". Current Pharmaceutical Design. link should be added Prose All the external links have been checked, they are still live. Done The see also section should be cut, Tocopherol & Tocotrienol are already linked Intro

Vitamin E deficiency, which is rare and usually... move to the end of the paragraph '2,000 mg' convert template (ounces for all the Americans in the room) 'The authors' either specify or generalize Frankly, the second paragraph should go at the end. It is chronologically out of order. Does the 3rd paragraph need to be on its own? It is a single sentence and works better at the end of paragraph 5. Both natural and synthetic tocopherols... Move to end of paragraph Specify in the beginning that there are 5 tocopheryles, 4 natural and 1 sythentic (tocopheryl acetate) Chemistry

The nutritional content... move to later in the paragraph, it doesn't make sense to introduce a RRR configuration before explaining methyl groups, adding to the end would work. R" sites You and I know what this means but specify this is a functional group. I can potentially read like its a chiral center 'stereoisomers' If memory serves, this is not the correct term. I get what the page is going for, in respect to the tail, those specific segments are stereoisomers (enantiomers, diastereomers, etc). That being said the structures of each type of tocopherols, as a whole, are not isomers. Perhaps 'phytyl tail chirality' or 'stereochemistry' would be more accurate. Furthermore, why is this its own section? Tocotrienols subsection breaks down the stereochemistry within its own section 'reaction from continuing' be more specific. I assume Vitamin E acts in a fairly specific way as a reducing agent. I would help drive home the biological importance if more specificity of what the lipid radicals damage. 'electrophilic mutagens' so, acids. Radicals, are generally electrophilic, seems a bit WP:TECHNICAL. This also implies these radicals act on DNA, which would be good to mention. 'unique properties' Technically, nucleophile-electrophile rxns are stupidly common, and by definition pretty much all radical breakdowns are nuc-ele reactions. The sentence as a whole sounds nice but isn't really saying much. 'hydrophobic side chains' you mean unsaturated side chains, saturated side chains are also hydrophobic Palm oil is a good source of alpha and gamma tocotrienols out of place sentence two corresponding centers This should be reworded There is plenty of space, why not add the 4 Tocotrienols' structures to the box? which would have a 2S rather than 2R configuration at the molecules' single chiral center redundant, also a bit confusing since it hasn't been established prior that dextrorotatory = R. unlike synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol keep the terms consistent. Also, is this needed? perhaps saying an S config is theoretically possible but not commercially made gets the point across just fine. Function

Vitamin E affects gene expression Needs to be expanded significantly. A cursory search has turned up a number of sources Biosysthesis

chemical family of compounds made up of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols reword are 'tocochromanols' the general classification for all vitamin E? Only in plants? This isn't clear why new terms are being brought up and plants that through mutations have lost the ability to synthesize α-tocopherol demonstrate normal growth. reword sentence, order of ideas is confusion 'normal synthesis capacity' specify ' reverse is true' specify 'same article mentions' not encyclopedic wording, needs to just be stated in a matter-of-fact way 'Focusing on tocopherols' same as above 'caustic soda' link ' The synthetic has 73.5% ' The synthetic version has... extra ' ' Deficiency

nerve problems reword to neurological problems Dietary recommendations

The Japan National Institute of Health.. sentence is clunky ' is an outlier' could be misconstrued as subtle WP:POV. I don't disagree, still recommend rewording to make this wording is simpler Overall, this section is very well written. I'd love to see more countries represented.

Sources

Worldwide, consumption is below recommendations according to a summary of more than one hundred studies... repeat sentence, cut the preceding sentence or reword. common form found in the North American diet any other diets/continents? Metabolism

'vitamers' I feel like this an important term that should have been brought up sooner and all of the vitamin E vitamers are metabolized and then excreted via urine. unclear on what this means. I assume this means un-excreted bile. so this appears to be a means of disposing of excess vitamin E I would hope urine is an excretory process. Rather redundant info 'chiral 2 site' 2nd chiral site reads better A rare genetic defect of the TTPA gene results in people exhibiting a progressive neurodegenerative disorder known as ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) despite consuming normal amounts of vitamin E. Large amounts of alpha-tocopherol as a dietary supplement are needed to compensate for the lack of α-TTP repetitive, cut As an example of a result of the preferential treatment, the US diet delivers approximately 70 mg/d of γ-tocopherol and plasma concentrations are on the order of 2–5 µmol/L; meanwhile, dietary α-tocopherol is about 7 mg/d but plasma concentrations are in the range of 11–37 µmol/L Info is out of place Testing for levels

section is arbitrary. The info could be split between Dietary recommendations and Deficiency Research Rename section to 'health effects' or something in that same vein

For the conditions described below... What is the purpose of this paragraph. It reads more like a disclaimer than a wiki article. 'authors theorized' rephrase This whole section seems to be going a bit too much in depth on the studies, especially the 'cancer' section. I get the need to explain but breaking down methodology isn't really necessary. Try to keep this focused on the health effects. As a whole, this section should be pared down The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviews proposed health claims for the European Union countries. As of September 2022,, EFSA has not evaluated any vitamin E and cancer prevention claims. missing citation

There are a number of instances where I'd love to see more coverage on other countries, or at least mention that other countries do not have dietary recommendations. On a broader scale, I am concerned that there is a no 'function' section. The Anti-oxidant function is buried in the chemistry section and the specific functions are spread amongst the entire article. This make it somewhat difficult to get a read on what Vitamin E actual does. This review was a beast but here are the first set of edits. I'll put this on hold but there is going to be some serious legwork ahead. Etrius ( Us) 05:02, 15 December 2022 (UTC)

@David notMD, any update? The review has been live for a week now and I don't see any progress made (assuming you aren't drafting something). Do you have an idea of when you'll get around to this? I understand that this is a long one and the holidays are coming up so I'm more than willing to accommodate. Especially with Vital Articles, I'd love to see them pass, but I do expect you to be actively working on it if able. If something is unclear in my recommendations, please let me know either here or in the talk page discussion. Etrius ( Us) 19:21, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

Removed from article (REF WAS A PREDATORY JOURNAL)
Focusing on tocopherols, the synthesis of its derivatives stems from the reaction between the HGA and the Phytyl-PP which generates 2-Methyl-6-phytylhydroquinone. At this point of the synthesis, 2-Methyl-6-phytylhydroquinone can go through two different pathways. The first path takes the molecule and methylates it at C3. This results in a 2,3-Dimethyl-5-phytylhydroquinone. Then, the cyclization of the hydroxyl group at C1 generates the first derivative, γ-Tocopherol. Following the cyclization, another methylation is done at C5 of the γ-Tocopherol resulting in the production of α-Tocopherol. The second path takes the same 2-Methyl-6-phytylhydroquinone and cyclizes the hydroxyl group at C1 which produces the δ-Tocopherol. Afterward, a round of methylation at C5 results in the last derivative, β-Tocopherol. This whole synthesis occurs similarly for tocotrienol with prenyl-PP, which is generated from a GGDP group, replacing the phytyl-PP.

Industrial synthesis
The synthetic product is all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, also referred to as dl-alpha tocopherol. It consists of eight stereoisomers (RRR, RRS, RSS, RSR, SRR, SSR, SRS  and SSS) in equal quantities. "It is synthesized from a mixture of toluene and 2,3,5-trimethyl-hydroquinone that reacts with isophytol to all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, using iron in the presence of hydrogen chloride gas as catalyst. The reaction mixture obtained is filtered and extracted with aqueous caustic soda. Toluene is removed by evaporation and the residue (all rac-alpha-tocopherol) is purified by vacuum distillation." The synthetic is in contrast to what is extracted from plants, all RRR-alpha tocopherol, referred to as d-alpha-tocopherol. The synthetic has approximately 73% of the potency of the natural. Manufacturers of dietary supplements and fortified foods for humans or domesticated animals convert the phenol form of the vitamin to an ester using either acetic acid or succinic acid because the esters are more chemically stable, providing for a longer shelf-life.

Vitamin D for GA
Restore to article? There is some evidence that pathogenesis of uterine fibroids may be associated with low vitamin D levels.

To do for allergy articles already GA

 * Add anaphylaxis referenced text
 * Improve Infobox: Fish, Shellfish (model on Sesame)
 * ? Delete third paragaph in Allergic response: Milk, Egg, Fish, Shellfish

Vitamin prescriptions US
https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/TC/Vitamins has a pie-chart of prescription vitamins for 2019 (largest is D (3 forms = 59.2%), then Folate, then B12)

Edit request template
...and use the edit COI template. Doing that 'flags' your edit request to attract attention to a bevy of volunteer editors who help with this task. May take weeks before acted on.

Welcome templates
Welcoming committee/Welcome templates