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Malcolm X

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This article is about the person. For other uses, see Malcolm X (disambiguation). "Malik Shabazz" redirects here. For other people of that name, see Malik Shabazz (disambiguation).

Malcolm X

Malcolm X in March 1964

Born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 Omaha, Nebraska

Died February 21, 1965 (aged 39) New York City, New York

Cause of death Assassination (multiple gunshots)

Resting place Ferncliff Cemetery

Other names El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz

Organization Nation of Islam, Muslim Mosque, Inc., Organization of Afro-American Unity

Influenced by Elijah Muhammad, Marcus Garvey

Political movement Black nationalism, Pan-Africanism

Religion Sunni Islam (converted from Nation of Islam)

Spouse(s) Betty Shabazz (m. 1958)

Children Attallah Shabazz Qubilah Shabazz Ilyasah Shabazz Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz Malikah Shabazz Malaak Shabazz

Parents Earl Little, Louise Norton Little

Signature

Malcolm X (pron.: /ˈmælkəm ˈɛks/; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz[1] (Arabic: الحاجّ مالك الشباز‎), was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. Malcolm X's father died—killed by white supremacists, it was rumored—when he was young, and at least one of his uncles was lynched. When he was thirteen, his mother was placed in a mental hospital, and he was placed in a series of foster homes. In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for breaking and entering. In prison, Malcolm X became a member of the Nation of Islam; after his parole in 1952, he quickly rose to become one of its leaders. For a dozen years, Malcolm X was the public face of the controversial group, but disillusionment with Nation of Islam head Elijah Muhammad led him to leave the Nation in March 1964. After a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, he returned to the United States, where he founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. In February 1965, less than a year after leaving the Nation of Islam, he was assassinated by three members of the group. Malcolm X's expressed beliefs changed substantially over time. As a spokesman for the Nation of Islam he taught black supremacy and advocated separation of black and white Americans—in contrast to the civil rights movement's emphasis on integration. After breaking with the Nation of Islam in 1964—saying of his association with it, "I did many things as a [Black] Muslim that I'm sorry for now. I was a zombie then ... pointed in a certain direction and told to march"—and becoming a Sunni Muslim, he disavowed racism and expressed willingness to work with civil rights leaders, though still emphasizing black self-determination and Malcom X was murdered by Rachel Cousino!!!!!