User:Dcauley5/sandbox

I am making an initial attempt to edit in my sandbox and I do not know how things will go but let's see.

Being bold is important in Wikipedia. </ref)

notes== == National Consciousness National consciousness, according to Benedict Anderson, is entirely objective and imaginary. Anderson says that the idea of a "nation" is an "imagined community". The idea of the "imagined community" is that a nation is socially constructed, and the nation is made up of individuals who see themselves as part of a particular group. This "socially constructed" aspect of Anderson's ideas play an imperative part in his piece because he argues that nationalism, nation-ness and nationality were created by a complex crossing of historical forces. Anderson refers to nationalism, nation-ness, and nationality as "artifacts" and says that they were created, by historical forces as I stated before, in the end of the 18th century. Once these "artifacts" were created though, they were capable of being transplanted, or changed, which led to this concept of national consciousness. And these imaged communities, which make up ones national consciousness, are, in fact, imagined because we will never know all, or even most of the members of our nation, or hear or meet them. And this is what causes us to have this imaginative concept of that in which we are unfamiliar with.

This book will definitely help me in developing this article. There is much more to cover but these are just the basic aspects so far.

Imagined Communities -Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism https://sisphd.wikispaces.com/file/view/Benedict_Anderson_Imagined_Communities.pdf

Source 2:

Lead Section
National consciousness, at a glance, is one's level of awareness, of the collective, and one's understanding that without "them" there is no "us". It is the mere awareness of the many shared attitudes and beliefs towards things like family, customs, societal and gender roles, etc. This awareness allows one to have a "collective identity" which allows them to be knowledgable of not only where they are, but how those places and people around them are so significant in that they ultimately make the collective, a nation. In short, national consciousness can be defined as a specific core of attitudes that provide habitual modes for regarding life's phenomena.

National Consciousness - According to Benedict Anderson
Nations, to Benedict Anderson, are imagined.The idea of the "imagined community" is that a nation is socially constructed, and the nation is made up of individuals who see themselves as part of a particular group. Anderson referred to nations as "imagined communities". He thought nations, or imagined communities, were delimited because of its boundaries as far as who is in and who is out. Anderson believed that the nation operates through exclusion. Though, nations do not only exclude those who are outside of it, but they exclude their members who are not immediately considered in the collective idea of their national identity. Not only did Anderson think nations were delimited, he thought they were:

Limited: Because of the mental boundaries, or concepts, we set pertaining to others are by culture, ethnicity, etc. We do not imagine everyone in one society or under one nationalism, we mentally separate.

Sovereign: Nations were sovereign because sovereignty is a symbol of freedom from traditional religious practices. Sovereignty provides the organization needed for a nation while keeping the nation free of traditional religious pressures.

National Identity & National Consciousness
National identity and national consciousness are closely related and can often be mistaken for each other. There is, in fact, a thin line between the definitions of the two, however, national identity can be defined as the feelings someone shares with a group of people about a nation. National consciousness is a specific core of attitudes that provide the minutia of the day-to-day phenomena of life in one's country. National identity, like national consciousness, is a feeling of recognition of "we" and "they".

One important distinction between the pair is that the national identity spectrum embodies Patriotism and Chauvinism.

National identity is more "visible" than mental in comparison to national consciousness as the elements of national identity include the nation's symbols, traditions, and memories. National consciousness is more sensual and personal; it's different for each single person. It can't necessarily be seen since it is more mental than national identity.

Ernest Gellner: Nations and Nationalism
Unlike Benedict Anderson, Gellner didn't think nations were "imagined communities". In his book, Ernest Gellner explains how he thinks nations originated. In his eyes, nations are entirely modern constructs and products of nationalism. Gellner believed nations were a result of the Industrial Revolution. Since large numbers of people from different backgrounds were coming together in cities, it was necessary to make a common identity among them. The spread of capitalism bought the demand for constant retraining and Gellner thought that as a result, this demand was met by creating a common past, common culture, and language, which lead to the birth of nations.

Gellner thought that nations were contingencies and not universal necessities. He said that our idea of the nation was as such:

Two men were only of the same only if they were from the same culture. In this case, culture is "a system of ideas, signs, associations, and ways of communicating.

Two men are of the same nation only if they recognize each other as being apart of the same nation.

It was men's recognition of each other as people of the same kind that made them a nation and not their common attributes.

Paul Gilbert: The Philosophy of Nationalism
In "The Philosophy of Nationalism", Paul Gibert breaks down what he thinks a nation is and his ideas contrast those of both Anderson and Gellner. In the book, Gilbert acknowledges that nations are many things. Gilbert says nations are:

Nominalist: Whatever a group of people who consider themselves a nation say a nation is

Voluntarist: "Group of people bound by a commonly-willed nation"

Territorial: Group of people located in the same proximity, or territory

Linguistic: People who share the same language.

Axiological: Group of people who have the same distinctive values

Destinarian: Group of people who have a common history, and a common mission

Prof Garcia's Comments
Hm, I think that you may have picked a topic that was too big for you to handle, Dwelly. Political structure may have too much! Are you sure you want to pursue this topic? If you do, then I will offer you advice. If you don't, then please pick a new topic.

Unfortunately, the sources that you provided are all insufficient. As I stated, your task was to find academic journal articles and books that deal with the topic you have chosen. All of the things you posted were not useful sources. Did you speak with Sarah Hammill? You really need to step it up or else you will fail this project.

The best place to begin is by reading a chapter on the sociology of politics from a recent edition of an introduction to sociology textbook. Take a look at who they cite and then turn to the bibliography to get the full citations. Go find them and skim them. That will be a great start. But I really think you need to meet with Sarah Hamill ASAP. If you do not know what you are doing, you will fall behind very quickly in this course.